States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC

Iranian (Persian) empire (550–330 BC)

empire in Central and South Asia (30–375 AD)

Cilicia (, ) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.

Moab () was an ancient Levantine kingdom whose territory is today located in southern Jordan. The land is mountainous and lies alongside much of the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. The existence of the Kingdom of Moab is attested to by numerous archaeological findings, most notably the Mesha Stele, which describes the Moabite victory over an unnamed son of King Omri of Israel, an episode also noted in 2 Kings 3. The Moabite capital was Dibon. According to the Hebrew Bible, Moab was often in conflict with its Israelite neighbours to the west.

The Mahājanapadas were sixteen kingdoms and aristocratic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period.

time period of Ancient Egypt

historic federation of Greek states

dynasty of ancient Macedonia

ancient Egyptian dynasty

ancient South Asian kingdom

ancient Egyptian dynasty

ancient Egyptian dynasty

ancient confederation of Latin city-states for mutual defense

Indian empire from 4th century BCE

second and last Achaemenid rule on Egypt (343–332 BC)

ancient Chinese state based in present-day Shanxi Province (11th-century BC to 376 BC)

historical country in India

1st-millennium BC state in eastern China

dynasty

former country in ancient China

Helike (; , pronounced , modern ) was an ancient Greek polis or city-state that was submerged by a tsunami in the winter of 373 BC.

Zhou Dynasty Chinese vassal state (806–375 BC)

period of Yervanduni kingdom

province of the ancient Achaemenid Empire

thumb|right|Qasr al Abd|Qasr Al Abd was built by the governor of Ammon in 200 BC

ancient Chinese state

federal state that existed on the Chalcidice peninsula

Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire (525-321 BC)

aspect of history