States and territories disestablished in the 960s

The Khazars () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who established a major commercial empire in the late 6th century CE spanning the south of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, and western Kazakhstan. It was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan

trading nation in the area of Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia

country in Western Europe from 843 to 962; predecessor to the Kingdom of Germany

Egyptian Emirate (935–969 CE)

treaty

Muslim state that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete from the late 820s to the reconquest of the island by the Byzantine Empire in 961

Chinese dynasty (951–960); fifth of the Five Dynasties

one of the 10 Kingdoms of 10th-century China, centered in Sichuan

Longobardia (, also variously Λογγιβαρδία, Longibardia and Λαγουβαρδία, Lagoubardia) was a Byzantine term for the territories controlled by the Lombards in the Italian Peninsula. In the ninth and tenth centuries, it was also the name of a Byzantine military-civilian province (or thema) known as the Theme of Longobardia located in southeastern Italy.

first Vietnamese dynasty after the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam (939–965)

sometimes called the March of Magdeburg, a very large march (border region) in the tenth century