antimony

Also known as Sb, element 51, 51Sb

Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb () and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

AI overview

Antimony is a silvery-grey metal or metalloid element that is found in nature primarily as a mineral called stibnite. Historically, antimony compounds have been used since ancient times for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, including as a powder called kohl.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Sb
Molecular weight: 121.76 g/mol
IUPAC name: antimony
SMILES: [Sb]
InChIKey: WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

12,512 papers

Antimony toxicity.ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2010Sundar S, Chakravarty JDOI: 10.3390/ijerph7124267
Antimony resistance and gene expression in Leishmania: spotlight on molecular and proteomic aspects.ReviewParasitology · 2024Madusanka RK, Karunaweera ND, Silva H et al.DOI: 10.1017/S0031182023001129
Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony.ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Periferakis A, Caruntu A, Periferakis AT et al.DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084669
Leishmania antimony resistance: what we know what we can learn from the field.ReviewParasitology research · 2011Aït-Oudhia K, Gazanion E, Vergnes B et al.DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2555-5
Antimony-induced cerebellar ataxia.Saudi medical journal · 2006Khalil EA, Ahmed AE, Musa AM et al.
Metabolite Biomarkers of Leishmania Antimony Resistance.Cells · 2021Gutierrez Guarnizo SA, Karamysheva ZN, Galeano E et al.DOI: 10.3390/cells10051063
Recent advances on antimony(III/V) compounds with potential activity against tumor cells.ReviewJournal of inorganic biochemistry · 2015Hadjikakou SK, Ozturk II, Banti CN et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.006
Antimony resistance mechanism in genetically different clinical isolates of Indian Kala-azar patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Khanra S, Das S, Sarraf NR et al.DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1021464

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 121.76
Image: Antimony-2.jpg

Show 20 more facts

element symbol: Sb
Commons category: Antimony
atomic number: 51
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0036
density: 6.69
immediately dangerous to life or health: 50
Commons gallery: Antimony
melting point: 1166
boiling point: 2975
vapor pressure: 0
time-weighted average exposure limit: 0.2
median lethal dose (LD50): 900
short-term exposure limit: 0.5
chemical formula: Sb
canonical SMILES: [Sb]
Unicode character: 銻
electronegativity: 2.05
electron configuration: [Kr] 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p³
ionic radius: 0.60
production rate: 300

Sources (13)

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~26 min read

Article

25 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Properties
Isotopes
Occurrence
Compounds
Oxides and hydroxides
Halides
Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds
History
Etymology
Production
Process
Top producers and production volumes
Reserves
Supply risk
Applications
Flame retardants
Alloys
Other applications
Precautions
Toxicity
Notes
References
Cited sources
External links

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.