Apoidea
The superfamily Apoidea is a major group (of over 30 000 species) within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from within the traditional "Crabronidae", so that grouping is paraphyletic, and this has led to a reclassification to produce monophyletic families.
Species
本文介紹的是蜜蜂總科。關於黃蜂，請見「細腰亞目」。 蜂通常指所有（Apoidea）的昆虫，主要分為兩類：狩蜂（Spheciformes，如泥蜂）及蜂族（Anthophila），和蚂蚁同属膜翅目，普通蜜蜂只是其中一科，所有的蜂都以花蜜和花粉为食物，並在为虫媒花授粉过程中起重要作用。其口器是尖针状，以便吸取花蜜。有一对触角，其中雄性蜂的触角有13节，雌性有12节。有两对翅膀，后翅较小，腿部多毛可以搜集和承载花粉。腹部末端有一毒刺。全世界已经过观察研究有大约一万六千种蜂，也许全部有三万种。各种蜂的生活习性不同，有的是独居生活的，有的是有各种群居形式，发展最高形式是社会性分工聚居，例如蜜蜂和无刺蜂等。
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Article
6 sectionsContents
- Diagnostic features
- Nomenclature
- Phylogeny
- References
- Further reading
- External links
The superfamily Apoidea is a major group (of over 30 000 species) within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from within the traditional "Crabronidae", so that grouping is paraphyletic, and this has led to a reclassification to produce monophyletic families.
== Diagnostic features == Apoid wasps and bees have several traits in common: The posterior (back) edge of the pronotum (pronotal lobe) is separated from the tegula In dorsal view (from above), the pronotum is short and broadly U-shaped; In dorsal view, a "propodeal triangle" at the posterior of the mesonotum; The hind basitarsus is longer than the other tarsomeres of the hind leg.