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Baal

Also known as Baʿl, Baʿal, Hadad, Baalim, Haddu

Baal (), or '''Ba'al''' (), was a title and honorific meaning "owner" or "lord" in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. Scholars previously associated the theonym with solar cults and with a variety of unrelated patron deities, but inscriptions have shown that the name Baal was particularly associated with the storm and fertility god Hadad and his local manifestations. The Ugaritic god Baal (𐎁𐎓𐎍) is the protagonist of one of the lengthiest surviving epics from the ancient Near East, the Baal Cycle.

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"Baal" was a title meaning "lord" or "owner" in ancient Semitic languages that came to be used as a name for gods, particularly the storm and fertility god Hadad and his various local forms. The god Baal is the main character in the Baal Cycle, one of the longest surviving epic poems from the ancient Near East, making it an important source for understanding ancient Near Eastern religion and literature.

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Key facts

Deity.type: Canaanite
Deity.name: Baal
Deity.image: Baal thunderbolt Louvre AO15775.jpg
Deity.caption: Baal with Thunderbolt stele from Ugarit (Musée du Louvre, Paris)
Deity.deity_of: God of fertility, weather, rain, wind, lightning, seasons, war, sailors
Deity.siblings: Hebat (in Syrian tradition), Anat
Deity.offspring: Pidray, Tallay, Arsay
Deity.symbol: Bull, ram, thunderbolt
Deity.consorts: possibly Anat or Athtart
Deity.Greek_equivalent: Zeus
Deity.equivalent1_type: Aramaean and Mesopotamian
Deity.equivalent1: Hadad
Deity.equivalent2_type: Hurrian
Deity.equivalent2: Teshub
Deity.equivalent3_type: Arabic
Deity.equivalent3: Hubal
Deity.equivalent4: Set (due to being a foreign god in Egypt, since Set was the god of foreigners – otherwise Baal Zephon, equivalent to Baʿal Hadad, was also equated with Horus)
Deity.equivalent4_type: Egyptian

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Wikidata facts

Image: Baal Ugarit Louvre AO17329.jpg

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Commons category: Baal
nickname: אלאי קרדם
P8168: pelvic organ prolapse
native label: Βάαλ

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~22 min read

Article

25 sections

Contents

Name
Epithets
Etymology
Semitic religion
Generic
Hadad
Baʿal
Baʿal Hammon
Judaism
Yahweh
Baʿal Berith
Beelzebub
Classical sources
Christianity
Islam
Modern-day
Conspiracy theories
Burning of Baal effigies
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links

Known by epithets like "rider of the clouds" and "Victorious Baal", he was associated with rain, lightning, wind, fertility, and kingship, and was often depicted in opposition to sea and death deities like Yammu and Mot. Worship of Baal spread throughout the Levant, Egypt, and the Mediterranean via Phoenician colonization, with regional forms such as Baal Hammon in Carthage. The god was also known as "the mighty one", and "the one without equal" ("there is none above him").