Birkarls
Sign in to savethumb|Trading near Pello, as depicted by the Carta Marina (1539). The Birkarls (; ) were a small, unofficially organized group that controlled taxation and commerce in central Lappmarken in Sweden from the 13th to the 17th century.
~4 min read
Article
6 sectionsContents
- Background
- Sami trade and tax monopoly
- Area of influence
- Decline and end
- Further reading
- References
thumb|Trading near Pello, as depicted by the Carta Marina (1539). The Birkarls (; ) were a small, unofficially organized group that controlled taxation and commerce in central Lappmarken in Sweden from the 13th to the 17th century.
==Background== Birkarls (bircharlaboa) are first mentioned in 1328, when they are listed as one of the settler groups in northern Hälsingland, a designation that covered the western coast of Gulf of Bothnia all the way up and around the gulf to Oulu River.
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Sweden
Country
Swedish
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Arctic Ocean
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Finnish
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colonialism
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Russians
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Sámi people
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de facto
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Luleå
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Gulf of Bothnia
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de jure
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North Germanic
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Kalmar Union
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Gustav I of Sweden
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Charles IX of Sweden
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Viking Age
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Tornio
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Piteå
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Hälsingland
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Kemijoki
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