File:Administrative_map_of_Borneo_(Indonesian).png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Borneo

Also known as Borneo Island, Pulau Borneo

Borneo () is the third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda Islands, located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra. The island is crossed by the equator, which divides it roughly in half. In Indonesia, the island is also known as Kalimantan, which is also the name of the Indonesian region located on the island.

AI overview

Borneo is the third-largest island in the world, located at the geographic center of Maritime Southeast Asia with a population of over 23 million people. The island is notable for its strategic position in the region, straddling the equator between several major Southeast Asian islands, and for being divided into Indonesian and Malaysian territories.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Islands.name: Borneo
Islands.image_name: Administrative_map_of_Borneo_(Indonesian).png
Islands.image_caption: Map of Borneo, with the three nations shown
Islands.image_map: Borneo Topography.png
Islands.image_map_caption: Topography of Borneo, with red lines demarcating the three nations on it
Islands.native_name: Kalimantan
Islands.location: Southeast Asia
Islands.archipelago: Indonesian Archipelago ---- Greater Sunda Islands
Islands.area_km2: 748168
Islands.rank: 3rd
Islands.highest_mount: Mount Kinabalu
Islands.elevation_ft: 13,435
Islands.country: Brunei
Islands.country_admin_divisions_title: Districts
Islands.country1: Indonesia
Islands.country2: Malaysia
Islands.country1_admin_divisions_title: Provinces
Islands.country_largest_city: Bandar Seri Begawan (pop. ~150,000)

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

2,780 papers

Vector-borne diseases on Borneo island: a scoping review.Malaria journal · 2024Ong SQ, Safree ASA, Ismai NBADOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-05132-5
Plant-Based Functional Foods from Borneo.ReviewNutrients · 2025John OD, Surugau N, Kansedo J et al.DOI: 10.3390/nu17020200
Dental transfigurements in Borneo.ReviewBritish dental journal · 2001Jones ADOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4801106a
Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity.Systematic biology · 2014de Bruyn M, Stelbrink B, Morley RJ et al.DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu047
Medicinal plants of Sabah (North Borneo): lest we forget.ReviewPharmaceutical biology · 2025Tanbuda C, Sulaiman M, Yong Pau Lin P et al.DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2025.2487557
Pig virus imperils food security in Borneo.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Meijaard E, Erman A, Ancrenaz M et al.DOI: 10.1126/science.adn3857
Systematic review of Plasmodium knowlesi in Indonesia: a risk of emergence in the context of capital relocation to Borneo?Parasites & vectors · 2022Bin Said I, Kouakou YI, Omorou R et al.DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05375-8
A review of the genus Monseremus Ingrisch, 2018 (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea, Gryllacrididae) from Borneo.ReviewZootaxa · 2022Tan MK, Japir R, Chung AYC et al.DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.1.5

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Population: 18590000
Area: 748168
Elevation: 113
Image: Gunung Kongkemul Borneo.png
Width: 1026
Length: 1366
Perimeter: 4971

Show 3 more facts

P12749: Megaspilidae
Commons category: Borneo
name: Nosy Borneo

Sources (3)

via Wikidata · CC0

~44 min read

Article

28 sections

Contents

Etymology
Kalimantan
Borneo
Geography
Geology
Ecology
Environmental issues
Topography
River systems
History
Early history
British and Dutch control
World War II
Recent history
Demographics
Territories by population, size, and timezone
20 largest cities and towns in Borneo by population
Urbanisation by region
Major ethnicities by region
Religion
Administration
Economy
List of territories by GDP/GRP 2023
Human Development Index by territory
See also
References
Further reading
External links

The geology of Borneo was formed beginning in the Mesozoic. It formed part of Sundaland, a region connected to mainland Asia, until it became isolated by sea level rise at the end of the last ice age. With seven unique ecoregions, including large expanses of some of the oldest tropical rainforests in the world, Borneo is rich in biodiversity and endemic species.