bromine

Also known as Br, element 35, ₃₅Br

Bromine is a chemical element; it has symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured vapour. Its properties are intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. Isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig (in 1825) and Antoine Jérôme Balard (in 1826), its name was derived , referring to its sharp and pungent smell.

AI overview

Bromine is a chemical element (symbol Br, atomic number 35) that exists as a red-brown liquid at room temperature and easily evaporates into a colored vapor, with properties that fall between those of chlorine and iodine. The element gets its name from its sharp, pungent smell and was independently discovered by two chemists in the mid-1820s.

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Key facts

Bromine.engvar: en-GB

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Research

29,713 papers

Bromine contamination and risk management in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.ReviewJournal of hazardous materials · 2024Leri AC, Hettithanthri O, Bolan S et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133881
Bromine isotope effects: Predictions and measurements.ReviewChemosphere · 2020Gelman F, Dybala-Defratyka ADOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125746
Debromination with Bromine Recovery from Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Offers Economic and Environmental Benefits.ReviewEnvironmental science & technology · 2023Liu J, Zhan L, Xu ZDOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06448
Bromine Substitution Improves the Photothermal Performance of π-Conjugated Phototheranostic Molecules.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Wan F, Wang H, Gu Y et al.DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303502
Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis.ReviewChemical reviews · 2016Saikia I, Borah AJ, Phukan PDOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00400
Peroxidasin-mediated bromine enrichment of basement membranes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020He C, Song W, Weston TA et al.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007749117
Bromine inhalation mimics ischemia-reperfusion cardiomyocyte injury and calpain activation in rats.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2019Ahmad S, Masjoan Juncos JX, Ahmad A et al.DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00652.2017
Ipso Substitution of Aromatic Bromine in Chlorinated Waters: Impacts on Trihalomethane Formation.Environmental science & technology · 2023Psoras AW, McCoy SW, Reber KP et al.DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00852

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Wikidata facts

Mass: 79.904
Image: Bromine vial in acrylic cube.jpg

Show 9 more facts

element symbol: Br
time of discovery or invention: 1825-00-00
Commons category: Bromine
atomic number: 35
Commons gallery: Bromine
ionization energy: 10.55
electronegativity: 3
Unicode character: 溴
ionic radius: 0.39

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Article

18 sections

Contents

History
Properties
Isotopes
Chemistry and compounds
Hydrogen bromide
Other binary bromides
Bromine halides
Polybromine compounds
Bromine oxides and oxoacids
Organobromine compounds
Occurrence and production
Applications
Flame retardants
Other uses
Biological role and toxicity
References
General and cited references
External links

Elemental bromine is very reactive and thus does not occur as a free element in nature. Instead, it can be isolated from colourless soluble crystalline mineral halide salts analogous to table salt, a property it shares with the other halogens. While it is rather rare in the Earth's crust, the high solubility of the bromide ion (Br) has caused its accumulation in the oceans. Commercially the element is easily extracted from brine evaporation ponds, mostly in the United States and Israel. The mass of bromine in the oceans is about one three-hundredth that of chlorine.