childbirth

Also known as labour, delivery, birth, partus, parturition, labor and delivery, giving birth, baby delivery

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Key facts

Medical condition (new).name: Childbirth
Medical condition (new).synonyms: Labour and delivery, partus, giving birth, parturition, birth, confinement
Medical condition (new).image: Postpartum baby2.jpg
Medical condition (new).caption: Mother with neonate covered in vernix caseosa
Medical condition (new).field: Obstetrics, midwifery
Medical condition (new).complications: Obstructed labour, postpartum bleeding, eclampsia, postpartum infection, birth asphyxia, neonatal hypothermia
Medical condition (new).types: Vaginal delivery, C-section
Medical condition (new).causes: Pregnancy
Medical condition (new).prevention: Birth control, elective abortion
Medical condition (new).frequency: 135 million (2015)
Medical condition (new).deaths: 260,000 maternal deaths a year (2023)

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Wikidata facts

Image: Postpartum baby2.jpg

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Commons category: Human births
equivalent class: pcp-on-web.de/ontology#Birth

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

~72 min read

Article

68 sections

Contents

Signs and symptoms
Labour pain
Psychological
Stages of labour
Onset of labour
First stage
Second stage
Third stage
Postpartum period
Early skin-to-skin contact
Management
Natural childbirth
Coping
Aid
Preparation
Labour induction
Forceps or vacuum assisted delivery
Pain control
Non-pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical
Augmentation
Episiotomy
Multiple births
Fetal monitoring
Caesarean section
Discharge
Complications
Labour and delivery complications
Obstructed labour
Eclampsia
Maternal complications
Postpartum bleeding
Postpartum infections
Psychological complications
Fetal complications
Stillbirth
Preterm birth
Post-term birth
Neonatal infection
Perinatal asphyxia
Mechanical fetal injury
Mortality
Maternal mortality
United States
Infant mortality
Accommodation
Location
Hospitals
Baby Friendly Hospitals
Facilities
Associated occupations
Birth attendants
Role of males
Society and culture
Placentophagy
Variation
Costs
Research directions
History
Giving birth in hospitals
Pain medication in labour
Cesarean section
Outdated methods
Role of males
Childbed fever
See also
References
External links

Childbirth, also known as labour or delivery, is the completion of pregnancy, where one or more fetuses exits the internal environment of the mother vaginally or via caesarean section and becomes a newborn. In 2023, there were about 132 million human births globally. In developed countries, most births occur in hospitals, while in developing countries most are home births.

Vaginal birth is the most common mode of birth worldwide. It involves three stages of labour: the shortening and opening of the cervix during the first stage, descent and birth of the baby during the second, and the birth of the placenta during the third. During the first stage, contractions gradually become stronger and closer together. The postpartum period is the time of recovery for the mother and infant, in which both newborn and mother are monitored. All major health organisations advise that immediately after giving birth, regardless of the mode of birth, that the infant be placed on the mother's chest (termed skin-to-skin contact), and to delay any other routine procedures for at least one to two hours or until the baby has had its first breastfeeding.