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chromatophore

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chromatophore

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Also known as chromatophores, pigment cells, chromatocyte, pigment cell

thumb|upright=1.7|Chromatophores in the skin of a squid Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment-containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration.

~20 min read

Encyclopedic overview

14 sections
Contents
  • Human discovery
  • Classification of chromatophore
  • Xanthophores and erythrophores
  • Iridophores and leucophores
  • Melanophores
  • Cyanophores
  • Pigment translocation
  • Background adaptation
  • Development
  • Practical applications
  • Cephalopod chromatophores
  • See also
  • Notes
  • External links

thumb|upright=1.7|Chromatophores in the skin of a squid Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment-containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration.

Chromatophores are largely responsible for generating skin and eye colour in ectothermic animals and are generated in the neural crest during embryonic development. Mature chromatophores are grouped into subclasses based on their colour under white light: xanthophores (yellow), erythrophores (red), iridophores (reflective / iridescent), leucophores (white), melanophores (black/brown), and cyanophores (blue). While most chromatophores contain pigments that absorb specific wavelengths of light, the color of leucophores and iridophores is produced by their respective scattering and optical interference properties.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “chromatophore” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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