chromium

Also known as Cr, element 24, 24Cr

thumb|"Chrome plated" motorcycle parts, plated with a decorative layer of chromium

OverviewAI-generated

Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. Its standard atomic weight is 51.996, while the specific mass value recorded is 51.9961. The element has an electronegativity of 1.66 and an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. It exhibits oxidation states of -2, -1, 1, and 2. The ionic radius is 0.73, and the vapor pressure is 0.

The density of chromium is 7.14. It melts at 3465 and boils at 4788. The element was discovered in 1797. Safety guidelines indicate a time-weighted average exposure limit of 0.5 and an immediately dangerous to life or health level of 250. The NIOSH Pocket Guide ID is 0141. The Unicode character for chromium is "鉻".

Synthesized by Vinony from 33 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Key facts

Chromium.Vickers hardness: 950HV
Chromium.Vickers hardness ref: https://www.journalmt.com/pdfs/mft/2018/04/16.pdf

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula: Cr
Molecular weight: 51.996 g/mol
IUPAC name: chromium
SMILES: [Cr]
InChIKey: VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

51,696 papers

A scientific review: the role of chromium in insulin resistance.ReviewThe Diabetes educator · 2004Havel PJ
Chromium.ReviewJournal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology · 1999Barceloux DGDOI: 10.1081/clt-100102418
Accumulation of chromium in plants and its repercussion in animals and humans.ReviewEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2022Kapoor RT, Bani Mfarrej MF, Alam P et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119044
Chromium.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Vincent JB, Lukaski HCDOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx021
Chromium pollution and its bioremediation mechanisms in bacteria: A review.ReviewJournal of environmental management · 2021Pushkar B, Sevak P, Parab S et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112279
The biochemistry of chromium.ReviewThe Journal of nutrition · 2000Vincent JBDOI: 10.1093/jn/130.4.715
Chromium allergy and dermatitis: prevalence and main findings.ReviewContact dermatitis · 2015Bregnbak D, Johansen JD, Jellesen MS et al.DOI: 10.1111/cod.12436
Chromium, glucose tolerance, and diabetes.ReviewBiological trace element research · 1992Anderson RADOI: 10.1007/BF02784583

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Instance of: lithophile
Subclass of: simple substance
Part of: group 6
Material used: chromite
Mass: 51.9961
Manufacturer: Pfizer
Image: Chromium crystals and 1cm3 cube.jpg

Show 24 more facts

oxidation state: 6
discoverer or inventor: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
found in taxon: Cistus creticus
Unicode character: 鉻
element symbol: Cr
Commons category: Chromium
topic's main category: Category:Chromium
atomic number: 24
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0141
density: 7.14
immediately dangerous to life or health: 250
Commons gallery: Chromium
melting point: 1856.9
boiling point: 2945
vapor pressure: 0
time-weighted average exposure limit: 0.5
time of discovery or invention: 1797-00-00
electronegativity: 1.66
WordLift URL: data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/chromium
chemical formula: Cr
canonical SMILES: [Cr]
ionic radius: 0.44
electron configuration: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4

Sources (8)

via Wikidata · CC0

~48 min read

Encyclopedic overview

40 sections

Contents

Physical properties
Atomic
Bulk
Passivation
Isotopes
Chemistry and compounds
Common oxidation states
Chromium(0)
Chromium(II)
Chromium(III)
Chromium(VI)
Other oxidation states
Occurrence
History
Early applications
Production
By country
Applications
Metallurgy
Pigment
Other uses
Uses of compounds
Biological role
Dietary recommendations
Labeling
Food sources
Supplementation
Initiation of research on glucose
Approved and disapproved health claims
Diabetes
Body weight
Sports
Fresh-water fish
Precautions
Chromium(VI) toxicity
Environmental issues
Notes
References
General bibliography
External links

thumb|"Chrome plated" motorcycle parts, plated with a decorative layer of chromium

Chromium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard, and brittle transition metal.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “chromium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.