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convection

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convection

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thumb|Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Hot areas are shown in red, cold areas are shown in blue. A hot, less-dense material at the bottom moves upwards, and likewise, cold material from the top moves downwards.

AI overview

Convection is the process where hot, less-dense material rises while cold, denser material sinks, creating a circulation pattern—as shown in Earth's mantle where hot rock moves upward and cold rock descends. This process matters because it is a fundamental way that heat moves through the Earth's interior and drives large-scale geological changes.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

18,769 papers

via PubMed

~36 min read

Encyclopedic overview

30 sections
Contents
  • History
  • Terminology
  • Mechanisms
  • Natural convection
  • Gravitational or buoyant convection
  • Solid-state convection in ice
  • Thermomagnetic convection
  • Combustion
  • Examples and applications
  • Demonstration experiments
  • Double diffusive convection
  • Convection cells
  • Atmospheric convection
  • Atmospheric circulation
  • Weather
  • Oceanic circulation
  • Mantle convection
  • Stack effect
  • Stellar physics
  • Water convection at freezing temperatures
  • Nuclear reactors
  • Mathematical models of convection
  • Onset
  • Turbulence
  • Behavior
  • Natural convection from a vertical plate
  • Pattern formation
  • See also
  • References
  • External links

thumb|Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Hot areas are shown in red, cold areas are shown in blue. A hot, less-dense material at the bottom moves upwards, and likewise, cold material from the top moves downwards.

Convection is the transfer of heat through the physical movement of fluids (liquids or gases), where warmer, less-dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “convection” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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