cyperquat
Also known as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine, N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, MPP+
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) or cyperquat is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.
Research
2,946 papers- Parkinson's disease.Lancet (London, England) · 1990
- Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), cyperquat (MPP+) and paraquat on isolated mitochondria from rat striatum, cortex and liver.Life sciences · 1988
- Structural basis of drug recognition by human MATE1 transporter.Nature communications · 2025
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), its metabolite cyperquat (MPP+) and energy transduction in mitochondria from rat striatum and liver.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 1988
- [Neurotoxicity Mechanism of Environmental Chemicals and Its Evaluation System].Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan · 2018
via PubMed
~9 min read
Article
11 sectionsContents
- History
- Synthesis
- Laboratory
- Biological
- Mechanism of toxicity
- Uses
- In scientific research
- As a [[pesticide]]
- Safety
- References
- External links
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) or cyperquat is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.
MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.