Dinosauromorpha
Also known as Dinosauromorph, Dinosauromorphs
Dinosauromorpha is a clade of avemetatarsalians (archosaurs closer to birds than to crocodilians) that includes the Dinosauria (dinosaurs) and some of their close relatives. It was originally defined to include dinosauriforms and lagerpetids, with later formulations specifically excluding pterosaurs from the group. Birds are the only dinosauromorphs which survive to the present day.
Species
恐龍形態類（学名：Dinosauromorpha）意為「恐龍」+「形態」，是一個鳥頸類主龍的演化支，包含恐龍與其近親。恐龍形態類的基礎物種包含：跳龍[1]、馬拉鱷龍、兔鱷、兔蜥科、西里龍、偽兔鱷、塞龍、科技龍。 馬拉鱷龍、兔鱷、偽兔鱷、兔蜥科的兔蜥（Lagerpeton）生存於三疊紀拉丁尼階的阿根廷。兔蜥科的Dromomeron生存於諾利階的亞利桑那州、新墨西哥州、德州。西里龍生存於卡尼階的波蘭[2][3]。塞龍生存於諾利階的巴西[4]。科技龍生存於卡尼階的德州[5]。阿希利龍生存於安尼西階的坦尚尼亞[6]。狄奧多羅斯龍（Diodorus）生存於諾利階的摩洛哥，也可能是更早的卡尼階[7]。鳥類是目前僅存的恐龍形態類。 在1984年，麥可·班頓（Michael J. Benton）建立這個分類單元。在1991年，保羅·塞里諾（Paul Sereno）將這個演化支定義為：兔蜥、兔鱷、偽兔鱷、以及恐龍（包含現存鳥類）的最近共同祖先、以及其最近共同祖先的所有後代；另一種定義則是：在鳥頸類主龍之中，所有親緣關係接近於恐龍，而離翼龍目較遠的所有物種。在2005年，保羅·塞里諾做出另一個定義：包含家麻雀在內，而不包含古老翼手龍（P. antiquus）、鳥鱷、尼羅鱷在內的最大演化支。 大約在2億4400萬到2億4200萬年前，相當於三疊紀中期的安尼西階，鳥頸類主龍演化出恐龍形態類。在2010年，波蘭聖十字山發現三疊紀早期的足跡化石，可能屬於恐龍形態類。這個名為「Sphingopus」的足跡化石，是種中型二足動物，地質年代相當於2億4600萬年前。如果屬實，恐龍形態類起源可追溯至奧倫尼克階早期。在二疊紀-三疊紀滅絕事件之後，恐龍所屬演化支可能很快就出現，但經歷很長時間才演化成三疊紀後期的恐龍[8]。 參考資料 ^ Saltopus, a dinosauriform from the Upper Triassic of Scotland. Michael J. Benton and Alick D. Walker. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh / Volume 101 / Special Issue 3-4, pp 285 - 299 Royal Society of Edinburgh 2011 Published online: 17 May 2011 DOI:10.1017/S1755691011020081 ^ Irmis, Randall B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Padian, Kevin; Smith, Nathan D.; Turner, Alan H.; Woody, Daniel; and Downs,
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Article
5 sectionsContents
- Classification
- Phylogeny
- Origins
- References
- External links
Dinosauromorpha is a clade of avemetatarsalians (archosaurs closer to birds than to crocodilians) that includes the Dinosauria (dinosaurs) and some of their close relatives. It was originally defined to include dinosauriforms and lagerpetids, with later formulations specifically excluding pterosaurs from the group. Birds are the only dinosauromorphs which survive to the present day.
==Classification== thumb|left|Pelvis of Marasuchus (=Lagosuchus?) specimen PVL 3870 The name "Dinosauromorpha" was briefly coined by Michael J. Benton in 1985. It was considered an alternative name for the group "Ornithosuchia", which was named by Jacques Gauthier to correspond to archosaurs closer to dinosaurs than to crocodilians. Although "Ornithosuchia" was later recognized as a misnomer (since ornithosuchids are now considered closer to crocodilians than to dinosaurs), it was still a more popular term than Dinosauromorpha in the 1980s. The group encompassed by Gauthier's "Ornithosuchia" and Benton's "Dinosauromorpha" is now given the name Avemetatarsalia.