envoy

An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission. In matters of precedence, a minister ranked below an ambassador. A diplomatic mission headed by an envoy was known as a legation rather than an embassy. Under the system of diplomatic ranks established by the Congress of Vienna (1815), an envoy was a diplomat of the second class who had plenipotentiary powers, i.e., full authority to represent their government. However, unlike ambassadors, envoys did not serve as the personal representative of their country's head of state.

On the afternoon of 8 March 1938, Walter Stucki, the designated Envoy of the Swiss Confederation to France (right), and the French Foreign Minister Yvon Delbos met for talks in Delbos' office at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Until the first decades of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations headed by diplomats of the envoy rank. Ambassadors were only exchanged between great powers, close allies, and related monarchies.