File:Fluorescent_lamps_artistic.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
A fluorescent lamp is a light source that uses electricity to make a gas inside a tube glow and produce light. It matters because it can produce light more efficiently than older incandescent bulbs, using less energy to create the same amount of brightness.
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Encyclopedic overview
Linear fluorescent lamps illuminating a pedestrian tunnel Top: two non-integrated compact fluorescent lamps. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the light fixture. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.
Typical F71T12 100 W G13 bi-pin lamp used in tanning beds. The (Hg) symbol indicates that this lamp contains mercury. In the US, this symbol is now required on all mercury-containing fluorescent lamps. A "tombstone" style lamp-holder for T12 and T8 G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps Inside the lamp end of a preheat G13 lamp. In this lamp, the filament is surrounded by an oblong metal cathode shield, which helps reduce lamp end darkening.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “fluorescent lamp” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
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