Gnaphosa

Gnaphosa is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. They all have a serrated keel on the retromargin of each chelicera.

==Species== it contains 148 species: G. aborigena Tyschchenko, 1965 – Kazakhstan G. akagiensis Hayashi, 1994 – Japan G. alacris Simon, 1878 – France, Italy, Croatia, Morocco G. alpica Simon, 1878 – France, Switzerland, Austria G. altudona Chamberlin, 1922 – USA G. antipola Chamberlin, 1933 – USA, Canada G. artaensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal, Spain (Balearic Is.) G. atramentaria Simon, 1878 – France G. azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003 – Azerbaijan G. badia (L. Koch, 1866) – Europe to Azerbaijan G. balearicola Strand, 1942 – Spain (Balearic Is.) G. banini Marusik & Koponen, 2001 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia G. basilicata Simon, 1882 – Italy G. belyaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Mongolia G. betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Russia (Urals), Kazakhstan G. bicolor (Hahn, 1833) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to West Siberia) G. bithynica Kulczyński, 1903 – Greece (Crete), Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iran G. borea Kulczyński, 1908 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), North America G. brumalis Thorell, 1875 – USA, Canada G. californica Banks, 1904 – USA, Canada G. campanulata Zhang & Song, 2001 – China G. cantabrica Simon, 1914 – Spain, France G. caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Russia (Caucasus) G. chiapas Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – Mexico G. chihuahua Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – Mexico G. chola Ovtsharenko & Marusik, 1988 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China G. clara (Keyserling, 1887) – North America G. corticola Simon, 1914 – France G. cumensis Ponomarev, 1981 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, Mongolia G. cyrenaica (Caporiacco, 1949) – Libya G. danieli Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan G. dege Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, India, China G. dentata Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – USA G. deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, 2011 – Russia (Europe) G. dolanskyi Řezáč, Růžička, Oger & Řezáčová, 2018 – South-eastern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Turkey, Caucasus G. dolosa Herman, 1879 – Southern to Eastern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia G. donensis Ponomarev, 2015 – Russia (Europe) G. eskovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kazakhstan G. esyunini Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014 – Mongolia G. eucalyptus Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 – Pakistan G. fagei Schenkel, 1963 – Kazakhstan, China G. fallax Herman, 1879 – Hungary G. fontinalis Keyserling, 1887 – USA, Mexico G. funerea (Dalmas, 1921) – St. Helena G. gracilior Kulczyński, 1901 – Russia (Middle and South Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China G. haarlovi Denis, 1958 – Central Asia G. halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997 – Russia (Urals) G. hastata Fox, 1937 – China, Korea G. hirsutipes Banks, 1901 – USA, Mexico G. iberica Simon, 1878 – Spain G. ilika Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan G. inconspecta Simon, 1878 – Western and Central Europe, Italy, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China, Korea G. jodhpurensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India, China G. jucunda Thorell, 1875 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus) G. kailana Tikader, 1966 – India G. kamurai Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Korea, Japan G. kankhalae Biswas & Roy, 2008 – India G. kansuensis Schenkel, 1936 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea G. ketmer Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan G. khovdensis Marusik, Fomichev & Omelko, 2014 – Mongolia G. kompirensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Vietnam G. koponeni Marusik & Omelko, 2014 – Russia (South Siberia) G. kuldzha Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan G. kurchak Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kyrgyzstan G. lapponum (L. Koch, 1866) – Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia) Gnaphosa l. inermis Strand, 1899 – Norway G. leporina (L. Koch, 1866) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Central Asia, China G. licenti Schenkel, 1953 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, China, Korea G. limbata Strand, 1900 – Norway G. lonai Caporiacco, 1949 – Italy G. lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, China Gnaphosa l. minor Nosek, 1905 – Turkey G. lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Europe to Central Asia G. mandschurica Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Middle and South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Nepal G. maritima Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – USA, Mexico G. mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998 – Georgia G. microps Holm, 1939 – North America, Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East) G. modestior Kulczyński, 1897 – Italy, Austria, Czechia to Romania G. moerens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – China, Nepal G. moesta Thorell, 1875 – Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe)? G. mongolica Simon, 1895 – Turkey, Hungary to China G. montana (L. Koch, 1866) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan G. muscorum (L. Koch, 1866) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China, Korea Gnaphosa m. gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955 – Sweden, Russia (South Siberia) G. namulinensis Hu, 2001 – China G. nigerrima L. Koch, 1877 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East) G. nordlandica Strand, 1900 – Norway G. norvegica Strand, 1900 – Norway G. occidentalis Simon, 1878 – Western Europe G. oceanica Simon, 1878 – France G. ogeri Lecigne, 2018 – France G. oligerae Ovtsharenko & Platnick, 1998 – Russia (Far East) G. opaca Herman, 1879 – Europe to Central Asia G. orites Chamberlin, 1922 – North America, Northern Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East) G. ovchinnikovi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kyrgyzstan G. pakistanica Ovtchinnikov, Ahmad & Inayatullah, 2008 – Pakistan G. parvula Banks, 1896 – USA, Canada G. pauriensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India G. pengi Zhang & Yin, 2001 – China G. perplexa Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan G. petrobia L. Koch, 1872 – Europe, Iran G. pilosa Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan G. poonaensis Tikader, 1973 – India G. porrecta Strand, 1900 – Norway G. potanini Simon, 1895 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan G. potosi Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – Mexico G. primorica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Russia (Far East), Japan G. prosperi Simon, 1878 – Spain G. pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Russia (Caucasus) G. pseudoleporina Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Russia (South Siberia) G. rasnitsyni Marusik, 1993 – Mongolia G. reikhardi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan G. rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895 – France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Romania, Albania G. rohtakensis Gajbe, 1992 – India G. rufula (L. Koch, 1866) – Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan G. salsa Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – USA, Mexico G. sandersi Gertsch & Davis, 1940 – Mexico G. saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Ukraine, Caucasus, Iran, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia G. saxosa Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – USA G. secreta Simon, 1878 – France G. sericata (L. Koch, 1866) – USA to Guatemala, Cuba G. serzonshteini Fomichev & Marusik, 2017 – Mongolia G. similis Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Middle and South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea G. sinensis Simon, 1880 – China, Korea G. snohomish Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – USA, Canada G. songi Zhang, 2001 – China G. sonora Platnick & Shadab, 1975 – Mexico G. steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Turkey, Caucasus, Ukraine, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan G. sticta Kulczyński, 1908 – Scandinavia, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan G. stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – Mongolia, China G. stussineri Simon, 1885 – Greece G. synthetica Chamberlin, 1924 – USA, Mexico G. tarabaevi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan G. taurica Thorell, 1875 – Bulgaria to China G. tenebrosa Fox, 1938 – probably Mexico G. tetrica Simon, 1878 – France, Macedonia G. tigrina Simon, 1878 – Mediterranean, Russia (Europe, South Siberia) G. tumd Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China G. tunevae Marusik & Omelko, 2014 – Mongolia G. tuvinica Marusik & Logunov, 1992 – Russia (West and South Siberia), Mongolia G. ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Iran, Turkmenistan G. utahana Banks, 1904 – USA G. wiehlei Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia, China G. xieae Zhang & Yin, 2001 – China G. zeugitana Pavesi, 1880 – North Africa G. zhaoi Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – China G. zonsteini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kyrgyzstan G. zyuzini Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992 – Kazakhstan