Haumea

{{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | background = Lavender | name = Haumea | symbol = 24px|alt=🝻|Planetary symbol for Haumea (mostly astrological) | image = Haumea Hubble.png | caption = Low-resolution Hubble Space Telescope image of Haumea and its two moons, Hiiaka (top) and Namaka (bottom), June 2015 | discoverer = | discovered = | earliest_precovery_date = 22 March 1955 | mpc_name = (136108) Haumea | pronounced = | adjectives = Haumean | note = yes | alt_names = (provisional designation) | named_after = Haumea | mp_category = | orbit_ref = | epoch = 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5) | uncertainty = 2 | observation_arc = () | aphelion = | perihelion = | time_periastron = ≈ 1 June 2133±2 days | semimajor = | eccentricity = 0.19642 | period = 283.12 yr (103,410 days) | mean_anomaly = 218.205° | mean_motion = / day | inclination = 28.2137° | asc_node = 122.167° | arg_peri = 239.041° | avg_speed = {{refn|name=orbitspeed|group=nb|Assuming a circular orbit with negligible eccentricity, the mean orbital speed can be approximated by the time it takes to complete one revolution around its orbital circumference, with the radius being its semi-major axis :  v \approx {2 \pi a \over T}.}} | satellites = 2 (Hiiaka and Namaka) | dimensions = | mean_radius = | surface_area = ≈ | volume = ≈ | mass = | density = | surface_grav = m/s2 at poles | escape_velocity = km/s at poles | sidereal_day = () | axial_tilt = ≈ 126° (to orbit; assumed)81.2° or 78.9° (to ecliptic) | right_asc_north_pole = | declination = or | spectral_type = | magnitude = 17.3 (opposition) | abs_magnitude = (V-band) | albedo = | single_temperature = 61, based on the date of the Spanish discovery image. On 7 September 2006, it was numbered and admitted into the official minor planet catalog as (136108) 2003 EL61.

Following guidelines established at the time by the IAU that classical Kuiper belt objects be given names of mythological beings associated with creation, in September 2006 the Caltech team submitted formal names from Hawaiian mythology to the IAU for both (136108) 2003 EL61 and its moons, in order "to pay homage to the place where the satellites were discovered". The names were proposed by David Rabinowitz of the Caltech team. Haumea is the matron goddess of the island of Hawaii, where Gemini and W. M. Keck Observatory are located on Mauna Kea. In addition, she is identified with Papa, the goddess of the earth and wife of Wākea (space), which, at the time, seemed appropriate because Haumea was thought to be composed almost entirely of solid rock, without the thick ice mantle over a small rocky core typical of other known Kuiper belt objects. Lastly, Haumea is the goddess of fertility and childbirth, with many children who sprang from different parts of her body; this corresponds to the swarm of icy bodies thought to have broken off the main body during an ancient collision. The two known moons, also believed to have formed in this manner, are thus named after two of Haumea's daughters, Hiiaka and Nāmaka.