Hemiptera

Also known as true bugs, hemipteran, hemipterans, true bug

Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising more than 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is sometimes limited to the suborder Heteroptera.

AI overview

Hemiptera is a large order of insects commonly called true bugs, containing over 80,000 species including cicadas, aphids, bed bugs, and assassin bugs, all of which share a distinctive piercing-sucking mouth structure. These insects matter because they are incredibly diverse and widespread, with some species affecting human health and agriculture while others play important roles in ecosystems.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

true bugs

Hemiptera

ORDER

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumArthropoda
ClassInsecta
OrderHemiptera

Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater

Observations recorded13,604,186

半翅目（學名：Hemiptera）屬於昆蟲綱，全世界約有133科、超過6萬種，由五個亞目所組成：異翅亞目、胸喙亞目、鞘喙亞目、蟬亞目、蠟蟬亞目。異翅亞目包括椿象、水黽、紅娘華、水螳螂等；同翅亞目包括蟬、沫蟬、蚜蟲等昆蟲。目前的半翅目分類仍有爭議，同翅目原先被視為獨立的目，許多地方也仍將半翅目和同翅目視為不同目。半翅目的成蟲和若蟲都有吸管狀的（口器（英语：rostrum (anatomy)#insects）），而且分成多節，用以吸取植物汁液，但有些種類會吸取動物或昆蟲的體液，甚至於成為其他半翅目的獵食者。

via GBIF

Research

29,178 papers

Review of the Oriental genus Neunkanodes Yang (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) with descriptions of two new species.ReviewZootaxa · 2014Hou XH, Yang L, Chen XSDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3795.2.6
Diversification and extinction of Hemiptera in deep time.Communications biology · 2025Boderau M, Nel A, Jouault CDOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07773-x
Review of the genus Neotetricodes Zhang et Chen (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) with description of two new species.ReviewZootaxa · 2015Chang ZM, Yang L, Zhang ZG et al.DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.3.2
Pharsalus repandus Melichar, 1906 (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae): first record of ant-attendance in the family, ethological notes, and new records from Brazil.Zootaxa · 2024Domahovski AC, Paladini ADOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5477.5.3
The genus Toyoides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae): new combination and lectotype designations.Zootaxa · 2024Park J, Jung SDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5538.4.5
A review of Chinese tribe Achilini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae), with descriptions of Paracatonidia webbeda gen. & sp. nov.ReviewZootaxa · 2015Long JK, Yang L, Chen XSDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.2
A new species of Goldeus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Spain.Zootaxa · 2025Casiraghi A, Poggi FDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.2.10
Taxonomic revision of Japanese Stenocranus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae).Zootaxa · 2025Fujinuma S, Hayashi MDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.3.1

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Image: Aphis-nerii.jpg

Show 4 more facts

taxon name: Hemiptera
Commons category: Hemiptera
taxon common name: hemipteran
start time: 307000000-

Sources (5)

via Wikidata · CC0

~28 min read

Article

34 sections

Contents

Etymology
Diversity
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Biology
Mouthparts
Wing structure
Sound production
Life cycle
Parthenogenesis and viviparity
Locomotion
Swimming and skating
Marangoni propulsion
Flight
Jumping
Sedentary
Ecological roles
Feeding modes
Herbivores
Predators
Haematophagic ectoparasites
As symbionts
As defended prey
Interaction with humans
As pests
For pest control
Insect products
As human parasites and disease vectors
As food
In art and literature
In mythology and folklore
Threats
Notes
References
External links

Most hemipterans feed on plants, using their sucking and piercing mouthparts to extract plant sap. Some are bloodsucking, or hematophagous, while others are predators that feed on other insects or small invertebrates. They live in a wide variety of habitats, generally terrestrial, though some are adapted to life in or on the surface of fresh water (e.g. pondskaters, water boatmen, giant water bugs). Hemipterans are hemimetabolous, with young nymphs that somewhat resemble adults. Many aphids are capable of parthenogenesis, producing young from unfertilised eggs; this helps them to reproduce extremely rapidly in favourable conditions.