Homo
Homo () is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the early homininian genus Australopithecus, encompassing a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (e.g. Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans, collectively called archaic humans. Homo, together with the genus Paranthropus, is probably most closely related to the species Australopithecus africanus within Australopithecus.'' The closest living relatives of Homo are of the hominin genus Pan (chimpanzees and
AI overview
Homo is the genus of great apes that includes modern humans (Homo sapiens) as well as extinct human species like Neanderthals and Homo erectus that were our ancestors or close relatives. It matters because studying Homo helps us understand human evolution and our place among other primates, since our genus emerged from earlier hominins like Australopithecus millions of years ago.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
Homo
GENUS
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumChordata
- ClassMammalia
- OrderPrimates
- FamilyHominidae
人属（学名：Homo）是灵长目人科的一属。今天生活在世界上的现代人即智人是其唯一幸存的物种。然而，有一些學者認为，依DNA的差異性而言，黑猩猩屬和人属，在生物學分類上，實在應該歸為同一屬，但是动物分类只是阐明它们之间的演化关系，并没有规定属与属之间的基因差异必须达到多少，即使将其归入人属，那也还是要再建立一个黑猩猩亚属来区别人与黑猩猩的演化差异。 目录 1 特征 2 物种 3 参考文献 4 外部链接 5 參見 特征 人属最大的特点是其发达的脑。在二百万年的进化中其脑的容量扩大了三倍。 在人科中人属的特点是： 特别大的头颅容量 前额直立 不断增大的脑，尤其是大脑 咀嚼肌肉的退缩 牙齿的大小逐渐相近，逐渐减小 上下颌逐渐变小 手逐渐灵活 产道变阔 雌性乳房变大（无法在化石中验证这是否也适应于已灭绝的人种） 能夠理解生、死，與靈魂之觀念 物种 人类演化 能人（H. habilis）从南方猿人分支出来，具有比南方猿人更小的大臼齿和更大的脑容量，并运用石头或骨骼制作工具，可能栖息在树上，而非直立行走[1]。 在更新世早期，距今150万到100万年间的非洲、亚洲与欧洲，某些巧人群体发展出较大的脑子，并制作更进步的石器，会使用火，被称为直立人。最有名的直立人标本是北京人，此外在印尼、非洲、欧洲出土。匠人可能距今180万到125万年前的直立人，或是直立人的亚种。直立人可能由于多峇巨灾而灭绝。[2] 尼安德特人在大约公元前7万5000年与智人混血，因此非洲以外的现代人的DNA约有1%到4%源自尼安德特人[3]。来自智人的竞争，可能导致了尼安德特人的灭绝[4][5]。 智人是人属中现存的唯一物种，从直立人演化而来。根据单地起源说，智人从非洲向外迁移，最终取代了较早散居各地的直立人。 人属中已灭绝物种 名称 学名 时间（万年前） 发现地点 最早 最晚 LD 350-1 Homo __? 280 275 于2013年在埃塞俄比亚的阿法尔地区州的Ledi-Geraru研究区出土[6] 纳莱迪人 Homo naledi 33.5 23.6 南非 魯道夫人 Homo rudolfensis 240 160 东非肯尼亚[7] 能人 Homo habilis 250 200 东非 格鲁及亚人 Homo georgicus 180 160 格鲁吉亚 匠人 Homo ergaster 180 140 东非，南非，格鲁吉亚 树居人（豪登人） Homo gautengensis 200 80 南非 直立人 Homo erectus 170 30 阿尔及利亚，中国，爪哇 先驱人 Homo antecessor 90 西班牙 西布兰诺人 Homo cepranensis 80 意大利 罗德西亚人 Homo rhodesiensis 60 12.5 非洲 海德堡人 Homo heidelbergensis
via GBIF
Wikidata facts
Article
13 sectionsContents
- Names and taxonomy
- Evolution
- ''Australopithecus'' and the appearance of ''Homo''
- ''Homo habilis''
- ''Homo erectus''
- Phylogeny
- Dispersal
- List of lineages
- See also
- Footnotes
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
Homo () is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the early homininian genus Australopithecus, encompassing a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (e.g. Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans, collectively called archaic humans. Homo, together with the genus Paranthropus, is probably most closely related to the species Australopithecus africanus within Australopithecus.'' The closest living relatives of Homo are of the hominin genus Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos), with the ancestors of Pan and Homo estimated to have diverged around 5.7–11 million years ago during the Late Miocene.
The oldest member of the genus is Homo habilis, with fossil records of just over 2 million years ago. H. erectus appeared about 2 million years ago and spread throughout Africa (debatably as another species called Homo ergaster) and Eurasia in several migrations. The species was adaptive and successful, and persisted for more than a million years before gradually diverging into new species around 500,000 years ago.