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Ilex

Also known as holly, hollies, holly genus

Ilex () or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.

AI overview

Ilex, commonly known as holly, is a genus of flowering plants with over 570 species found worldwide in tropical and temperate regions, ranging from trees and shrubs to climbing plants. The genus is notable for containing the most species of any woody plant with separate male and female individuals, and includes the common European holly (Ilex aquifolium) familiar to many from Christmas decorations.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

järnekar

Ilex

GENUS

KingdomPlantae
PhylumTracheophyta
ClassMagnoliopsida
OrderAquifoliales
FamilyAquifoliaceae

Native toChina South-Central, Thailand

Observations77,791

Observations recorded1,085,471

日本冬青（Ilex crenata）。鐵冬青（Ilex rotunda）。大葉冬青（Ilex latifolia）。冬青（Holly）是開花植物，也是冬青科的唯一一屬，本屬約有400個物種，高度約2到25公尺，有些是喬木，有些是灌木。廣泛分佈於亞洲、歐洲、非洲北部、北美洲與南美洲。冬青的葉堅挺有光澤，漿果鮮紅色，簇附枝上。有些冬青樹品種也稱為聖誕樹。目录 1 特徵 2 分類 3 參考資料 4 外部連結特徵中國冬青樹原產於長江下游各省，常見於寧波、杭州、南京等地。在香港，常見的冬青有梅葉冬青、灰冬青、榕葉冬青、細花冬青、廣東冬青、及大葉冬青（苦丁茶）等。可提煉冬青油，供消腫、止痛。冬青樹矮小結實，與地面緊密連結，冬青的味道讓人非常熟悉，是酸痛貼布的味道，香氣的滲透力十分強大。分類 Ilex aculeolata - 满树星 Ilex ambigua - Sand Holly Ilex amelanchier - Swamp Holly Ilex anomala - 鳥不宿 Ilex asprella - 称星树 Ilex aquifolium - 歐洲冬青（聖誕樹） Ilex bioritsensis - 刺叶冬青 Ilex buergeri Ilex canariensis - Small-leaved Holly Ilex cassine - 卡氏冬青 Ilex centrochinensis Ilex ciliospinosa Ilex championii - 凹叶冬青 Ilex chinensis - 冬青 Ilex colchica Ilex collina Ilex corallina Ilex coriacea - Gallberry Ilex cornuta - 中國冬青 Ilex crenata - 日本冬青（齿叶冬青） Ilex cyrtura Ilex decidua - 落葉冬青 Ilex dehongensis Ilex dimorphophylla Ilex dipyrena - Ilex fargesii Ilex geniculata Ilex georgei Ilex glabra - Gallberry, Inkberry Ilex goshiensis Ilex graciliflora 纤花冬青，細花冬青 Ilex guayusa Ilex integra - 全緣冬青 Ilex intricata Ilex kingiana Ilex kudingcha - 苦丁茶冬青 Ilex kusanoi - 草野氏冬青 Ilex laevigata Ilex latifolia - 大葉冬青 Ilex leucoclada Ilex longipes Ilex macrocarpa Ilex macropod

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Research

2,121 papers

Yerba Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis): a comprehensive review on chemistry, health implications, and technological considerations.ReviewJournal of food science · 2007Heck CI, de Mejia EGDOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00535.x
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) for new therapeutic and nutraceutical interventions: A review of patents issued in the last 20 years (2000-2020).ReviewPhytotherapy research : PTR · 2023Gerber T, Nunes A, Moreira BR et al.DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7632
Ilex cornuta: A review of botany, quality control, phytochemistry, and multimodal pharmacological actions.ReviewJournal of ethnopharmacology · 2026Gao W, Chai W, Xia PDOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.120679
Effect of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Masson W, Barbagelata L, Lobo M et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00991-2
Health properties of Yerba Mate.Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM · 2020Lutomski P, Goździewska M, Florek-Łuszczki MDOI: 10.26444/aaem/119994
Recent advances on Ilex paraguariensis research: minireview.ReviewJournal of ethnopharmacology · 2011Bracesco N, Sanchez AG, Contreras V et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.032
[A phytochemical and pharmacological advance on Ilex asprella].ReviewZhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica · 2017Du BZ, Yang XY, Feng X et al.DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20161222.025
[Triterpenoids from leaves of Ilex guayusa].Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica · 2021Huang H, Chen Y, Zeng HH et al.DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210317.601

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Wikidata facts

Image: Ilex-aquifolium (Europaeische Stechpalme-1).jpg

Show 5 more facts

Commons category: Ilex
taxon name: Ilex
GRIN URL: npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=6018
taxon common name: bodika
Flora of the Hawaiian Islands URL: naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/hawaiianflora/genusdescr.cfm?genus=Ilex

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~15 min read

Article

15 sections

Contents

Description
Etymology
History
Selected species
Range
Ecology
Toxicity
Uses
Culinary use
Ornamental use
Culture
Medicinal use
Gallery
References
External links

==Description== thumb|Ilex paraguariensis The genus is widespread throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It includes species of trees, shrubs, and climbers, with evergreen or deciduous foliage and inconspicuous flowers. Its range was more extended in the Tertiary period and many species are adapted to laurel forest habitats. It occurs from sea level to more than with high mountain species. It is a genus of small, evergreen trees with smooth, glabrous, or pubescent branchlets. The plants are generally slow-growing with some species growing to tall. The type species is the European holly Ilex aquifolium described by Linnaeus. Plants in this genus have simple, alternate glossy leaves, frequently with a spiny leaf margin. The inconspicuous flower is greenish white, with four petals. They are generally dioecious, with male and female flowers on different plants. Plants in the genus have highly similar flowers with a flower preserved in amber suggesting they have been largely unchanged for at least 38−34 million years.