indium

Also known as In, element 49, 49In, Indium element

Indium is a chemical element; it has symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a silvery-white post-transition metal and one of the softest elements. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and its properties are largely intermediate between the two. It was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum.

AI overview

Indium is a soft, silvery-white metal that sits between gallium and thallium on the periodic table in terms of its chemical properties. It matters in modern technology because of its useful characteristics, though its primary applications aren't detailed in this background information.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: In
Molecular weight: 114.818 g/mol
IUPAC name: indium
SMILES: [In]
InChIKey: APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

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Research

23,198 papers

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Wikidata facts

Mass: 114.818
Image: Indium wetting glass.jpg

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electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 4d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 5d¹⁰ 5p¹
element symbol: In
Commons category: Indium
electronegativity: 1.78
atomic number: 49
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0341
density: 7.31
Commons gallery: Indium
melting point: 314
boiling point: 3767
vapor pressure: 0
time-weighted average exposure limit: 0.1
chemical formula: In
canonical SMILES: [In]
time of discovery or invention: 1863-00-00
Unicode character: 銦
ionic radius: 0.80

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Article

22 sections

Contents

Etymology
Properties
Physical
Isotopes
Chemistry
Indium(III) compounds
Hydrides and halides
Chalcogenides and pnictides
Indium(I) compounds
Compounds in other oxidation states
Organoindium compounds
History
Occurrence
Production and availability
Applications
Industrial uses
Medical applications
Biological role and precautions
Notes
References
Sources
External links

Indium is used primarily in the production of flat-panel displays as indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent and conductive coating applied to glass. It is also used in the semiconductor industry, in low-melting-point metal alloys such as solders and soft-metal high-vacuum seals. It is used in the manufacture of blue and white LED circuits, mainly to produce Indium gallium nitride p-type semiconductor substrates. It is produced exclusively as a by-product during the processing of the ores of other metals, chiefly from sphalerite and other zinc sulfide ores.