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magistrate
Sign in to saveThe term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e
Key facts
- Occupation.name
- Magistrate
- Occupation.image
- Lyman Poore Duff.jpg
- Occupation.caption
- Sir Lyman Poore Duff, a former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
- Occupation.official_names
- Judge, justice of the peace, magistrate, judicial magistrate (particular in Germany)
- Occupation.type
- Profession
- Occupation.activity_sector
- Law
- Occupation.competencies
- Analytical mind, critical thinking, impartiality, common sense
- Occupation.formation
- Usually experience as an advocate (varies by jurisdiction)
- Occupation.employment_field
- Courts
- Occupation.related_occupation
- Barrister, solicitor, prosecutor
via Wikipedia infobox
Wikidata facts
- Image
- Lyman Poore Duff.jpg
Show 3 more facts
- female form of label
- magistrada
- Commons category
- Magistrates
- male form of label
- maxistrado
Sources (2)
via Wikidata · CC0
~34 min read
Article
35 sectionsContents
- Original meaning
- Continental Europe and its former colonies
- Mexico
- Germany
- English common law tradition
- United Kingdom
- England and Wales
- Ireland
- Scotland
- Australia
- Federal magistrate
- State magistrate
- Hong Kong
- Bangladesh
- Executive magistrate
- India
- Judicial magistrates
- Executive magistrates
- New Zealand
- Sri Lanka
- United States
- Federal courts
- State courts
- Other world
- Arabia
- China
- Russia
- Switzerland
- Siam
- Kenya
- In popular culture
- See also
- Notes
- References
- External links
The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, magistrate is a word applied to a person responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates are typically trained volunteers appointed to deal with criminal and civil matters in their local areas.
==Original meaning== In ancient Rome, the word magistratus referred to one of the highest offices of state. Analogous offices in the local authorities, such as municipium, were subordinate only to the legislature of which they generally were members, ex officio, often a combination of judicial and executive power, constituting one jurisdiction. In Rome itself, the highest magistrates were members of the so-called cursus honorum, 'course of honors'. They held both judicial and executive power within their sphere of responsibility (hence the modern use of the term "magistrate" to denote both judicial and executive officers), and also had the power to issue ius honorarium, or magisterial law. The Consul was the highest Roman magistrate. The Praetor (the office was later divided into two, the Urban and Peregrine Praetors) was the highest judge in matters of private law between individual citizens, while the Curule Aediles, who supervised public works in the city, exercised a limited civil jurisdiction in relation to the market. Roman magistrates were not lawyers, but were advised by jurists who were experts in the law.