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Mamluk

Mamluk or Mamaluk (; (singular), , mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Mongol, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties in the Muslim world. They were purchased as military slaves, converted to Islam, and trained in martial and courtly skills. Upon completion of their training they were manumitted but remained part of the ruling military caste, forming elite regiments and, in some periods

AI overview

Mamluks were enslaved people from diverse non-Arab backgrounds who were trained as military slaves, converted to Islam, and then freed to serve as elite soldiers and administrators in Muslim societies. They became an important ruling class in the medieval Islamic world, forming powerful military regiments that wielded significant political and military authority despite their origins as enslaved people.

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Key facts

Military unit.unit_name: Mamluks
Military unit.native_name: مماليك
Military unit.image: Three Mamelukes with lances on horseback.jpg
Military unit.image_size: 240px
Military unit.caption: Ottoman Mamluk lancers, early 16th century. Etching by Daniel Hopfer (), British Museum, London
Military unit.dates: 830s–1811
Military unit.country: Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid CaliphateSeljuk Empire Ayyubid Sultanate Mamluk Sultanate Delhi SultanateOttoman EmpireMughal Empire
Military unit.type: Enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, freed slaves

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Image: Mamluk.jpg

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Commons category: Mamluks
start time: 0801-00-00

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~40 min read

Article

35 sections

Contents

Overview
Organization
Relations with homelands and families
Egypt
Early origins in Egypt
French attack and Mamluk takeover
Relationship with the Mongols
Burji dynasty
Portuguese–Mamluk Wars
Ottomans and the end of the Mamluk Sultanate
Independence from the Ottomans
Napoleon invades
After Napoleon
End of power in Egypt
Impact
Other regimes
South Asia
India
West Asia
Iraq
Rulers
In Egypt
Bahri Dynasty
Burji Dynasty
In India
In Iraq
In Acre
Office titles and terminology
Gallery
Dynasties founded by Mamluks
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

The most enduring Mamluk legacy was the knightly military class in medieval Egypt, which developed from the ranks of slave-soldiers. Originally the Mamluks were slaves of Turkic origins from the Eurasian Steppe, but the institution of military slavery spread to include Circassians, Mongols, Abkhazians, Georgians, Armenians, Russians, and Hungarians, as well as peoples from the Balkans such as Albanians, Greeks, and South Slavs (see Saqaliba). They also recruited from the Egyptians. The "Mamluk/Ghulam Phenomenon", as David Ayalon dubbed the creation of the specific warrior class, was of great political importance; for one thing, it endured for nearly 1,000 years, from the 9th century to the early 19th. (See: Ghilman.)