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manganese

Also known as Mn, element 25, 25Mn

Manganese is a chemical element; it has the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. First isolated in the 1770s, manganese is a transition metal with many industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels in which it improves strength, workability, and resistance to wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent, as a rubber additive, and in glass making, fertilizers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide.

AI overview

Manganese is a hard, silvery metal that was first isolated in the 1770s and is commonly found mixed with iron in minerals. It matters because it's widely used in industry—particularly to strengthen stainless steel and improve its workability—and its compounds serve important roles in rubber production, glass making, ceramics, and agriculture.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Manganese.magnetic ordering: paramagnetic ferromagnetic (Under extreme conditions)

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula: Mn
Molecular weight: 54.93804 g/mol
IUPAC name: manganese
SMILES: [Mn]
InChIKey: PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

66,731 papers

Manganese.ReviewJournal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology · 1999Barceloux DGDOI: 10.1081/clt-100102427
Manganese Transporter Proteins in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.ReviewJournal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Ha N, Lee EJDOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00027-7
How manganese empowered life with dioxygen (and vice versa).ReviewFree radical biology & medicine · 2019Lingappa UF, Monteverde DR, Magyar JS et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.036
Genetic Disorders of Manganese Metabolism.ReviewCurrent neurology and neuroscience reports · 2019Anagianni S, Tuschl KDOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0942-y
Manganese.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Aschner M, Erikson KDOI: 10.3945/an.117.015305
Manganese in Marine Microbiology.ReviewAdvances in microbial physiology · 2017Hansel CMDOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2017.01.005
Inherited Disorders of Manganese Metabolism.ReviewAdvances in neurobiology · 2017Zogzas CE, Mukhopadhyay SDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_3
Manganese action in brain function.ReviewBrain research. Brain research reviews · 2003Takeda ADOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00234-5

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 54.938043
Image: Manganese electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg

Show 22 more facts

2022 Harmonized System Code: 811100
oxidation state: 4
element symbol: Mn
Commons category: Manganese
atomic number: 25
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0379
density: 7.20
time of discovery or invention: 1774-00-00
immediately dangerous to life or health: 500
Commons gallery: Manganese
melting point: 1243
boiling point: 1961
vapor pressure: 0
time-weighted average exposure limit: 1
ceiling exposure limit: 5
short-term exposure limit: 3
Unicode character: 錳
chemical formula: Mn
canonical SMILES: [Mn]
electronegativity: 1.55
ionic radius: 0.25
electron configuration: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

~38 min read

Article

35 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Physical properties
Isotopes
Allotropes
Chemical compounds
Organomanganese compounds
History
Occurrence
Oceanic environment
Soils
Production
Applications
Steel
Aluminium alloys
Batteries
Resistors
Fertilizers and feed additive
Niche
Biochemistry
Human health and nutrition
Regulation
Deficiency
Exposure
In water
Gasoline
Air
Regulation
Health and safety
Manganism
Toxicity
Neurodegenerative diseases
See also
References
Sources
External links

Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. It is found mostly in the bones, but also the liver, kidneys, and brain. In the human brain, manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, most notably glutamine synthetase in astrocytes.