mangrove

Also known as bosque de mangle, mangrove ecoregion, mangrove biome

thumb|upright=1.3|Mangroves are hardy shrubs and trees that thrive in salt water and have specialised adaptations so they can survive the volatile energies of intertidal zones along marine coasts.

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Mangroves are hardy shrubs and trees that grow in salty coastal waters and have special adaptations allowing them to survive the harsh conditions of areas where land and sea meet. They matter because they provide critical ecosystem services and support for marine and coastal life in these challenging environments.

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Commons category: Mangroves
Commons gallery: Mangrove

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~40 min read

Article

22 sections

Contents

Etymology
Biology
Adaptations to low oxygen
Nutrient uptake
Limiting salt intake
Limiting water loss
Filtration of seawater
Increasing survival of offspring
Taxonomy and evolution
True mangroves
Other mangroves
Species distribution
Mangrove forests
Mangrove microbiome
Root microbiome
Suggestions for future mangrove microbial diversity research
Mangrove virome
Genome sequencing
See also
References
Further reading
External links

thumb|upright=1.3|Mangroves are hardy shrubs and trees that thrive in salt water and have specialised adaptations so they can survive the volatile energies of intertidal zones along marine coasts.

A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen and remove salt, allowing them to tolerate conditions that kill most plants. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse due to convergent evolution in several plant families. They occur worldwide in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, mainly between latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with the greatest mangrove area within 5° of the equator. Mangrove plant families first appeared during the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene epochs and became widely distributed in part due to the movement of tectonic plates. The oldest known fossils of mangrove palm date to 75 million years ago.