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mining

Also known as minerals extraction

upright=1.5|thumb|alt=Person stabbing a yellow mineral block|Mining of sulfur from a deposit at the edge of [[Ijen's crater lake, Indonesia]]

AI overview

Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals and resources from the earth, such as the sulfur being harvested from the volcanic crater shown in this image. It matters because these extracted materials are essential raw materials used to make many products and fuel modern economies.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

116,325 papers

Post-mining ecosystem reconstruction.ReviewCurrent biology : CB · 2024Tibbett MDOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.065
Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mining: A Review.ReviewGround water · 2023Sloan S, Cook PG, Wallis IDOI: 10.1111/gwat.13311
An insight on the impact of COVID-19 on the global and Turkish mining industry.ReviewWork (Reading, Mass.) · 2022Kekeç B, Bilim N, Ghiloufi DDOI: 10.3233/WOR-220037
Concurrence of mining and climate change: environmental implications and mitigation strategies.ReviewEnvironmental geochemistry and health · 2025Punia A, Singh SKDOI: 10.1007/s10653-025-02556-z
Evaluating the environmental and economic impact of mining for post-mined land restoration and land-use: A review.ReviewJournal of environmental management · 2021Worlanyo AS, Jiangfeng LDOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111623
Assessing the ecological loss of mining areas in Taiwan.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2023Liu WY, Lee DR, Wang SS et al.DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10780-8
Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining Contaminates Snowpack across a Broad Region.Environmental science & technology · 2024Cooke CA, Holland KM, Emmerton CA et al.DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02596
The environmental impacts of mining on Gishwati Protected Reserve in Rwanda.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Muhire I, Manirakiza V, Nsanganwimana F et al.DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09372-9

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Wikidata facts

Image: Aggregate Processing Plant.jpg

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Mining
Commons gallery: Mining
ISCO-88 occupation class: 3117
P8168: cytoprotection

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~68 min read

Article

38 sections

Contents

History
Prehistory
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Greece and Rome
Medieval Europe
Africa
Oceania
Americas
Modernity
Mine development and life cycle
Techniques
Explosives in mining
Artisanal
Surface
High wall
Underground mining
Machines
Processing
Industry
Corporate classifications
World Bank
Safety
Environmental effects
Environmental regulation
Waste
Human Rights and Environmental Justice
Regulation and governance
Child labor
Indigenous peoples
Lack of Safety Enforcement
Corporate Negligence and Lack of Regulation Towards Indigenous Peoples
Mining and Land Rights
Records
Metal reserves and recycling
See also
References
Further reading
External links

upright=1.5|thumb|alt=Person stabbing a yellow mineral block|Mining of sulfur from a deposit at the edge of [[Ijen's crater lake, Indonesia]]

Mining is the extraction of geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. The ore must be a rock or mineral that contains a valuable constituent, can be extracted or mined, and sold for profit. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.