Nafs

Also known as Anfus, Nufūs

thumb|A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "nafs" relative to other concepts, based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts Nafs () is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "soul". The term is cognate with the Hebrew word nephesh, נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word nafs is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a nafs, they are individually res

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Commons category: Nafs

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Article

15 sections

Contents

Etymology
Quranic concept
Sufism's conception of nafs
Three principal stages
The inciting ''nafs'' (''an-nafs al-ʾammārah'')
The self-accusing ''nafs'' (''an-nafs al-lawwāmah'')
The ''nafs'' at peace (''an-nafs al-muṭmaʾinnah'')
Four additional stages of ''nafs''
Full sequence of ''nafs'' development
Characteristics of ''nafs'' in its primitive state
Nafs and Jihād
See also
References
Sources
External links

Much of the popular literature on nafs, however, is focused on the Sufi conceptions of the term located within the sadr (the chest). According to the Sufi philosophies, the nafs in its unrefined state is "the ego", which they consider to be the lowest dimension of a person's inward existence—his animal and satanic nature. Nafs is an important concept in the Islamic tradition, especially within Sufism and the discipline of gnosis (irfan) in Shia Islam.