Neolicaphrium

Neolicaphrium is an extinct genus of ungulate mammal belonging to the extinct order Litopterna. This animal lived from the Late Pliocene (Chapadmalalan) to the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) in southern South America, being the last survivor of the family Proterotheriidae.

== Species == left|200px|thumb|Fossil locations of N. recens The genus includes two species, the type species N. recens and N. major. The fossil found of N. major, one jaw, comes from the Miramar Formation in Chapadmalal, Argentina and correspond to the Chapadmalalan mammal age of South America (4.0 to 3.0 million years ago, in the Pliocene). N. recens appeared in the Ensenadan age (1.2-0.8 million years ago) and the species survived until the Lujanian age (800,000 to 11,000 years ago). Fossils of this species have been found in the Argentine provinces of the northeast, in Córdoba, Corrientes, Tezzanos Pinto Formation, Santa Fe and Santiago del Estero, in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and the Sopas Formation of the Salto Department in Uruguay. N. recens is known from a partial skull, partial jaws, teeth, and bones of the ankle and the forefeet. A fragmentary humerus, previously assigned to the doubtful species Proterotherium berroi, could also be referred to this species.