Orchid

Also known as Orchidaceae, orchids

Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants, living in diverse habitats on every continent except Antarctica. The world's richest diversity of orchid genera and species is in the tropics. Many species are epiphytes, living on trees. The flowers and their pollination mechanisms are highly specialized, attracting insect pollinators by colour, pattern, scent, pheromones, and sometimes by mimicking female insects. Orchids have very small seeds, rely

AI overview

Orchids are flowering plants found on every continent except Antarctica, known for their often colorful and fragrant blooms and highly specialized flowers that attract specific insect pollinators through various visual and chemical signals. They matter because they represent an exceptionally diverse group of plants, particularly in tropical regions, with many species adapted to unique ecological niches such as living on tree branches as epiphytes.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

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Family

PhylumTracheophyta
ClassMagnoliopsida
OrderAsparagales
FamilyOrchidaceae

Native toTanzania

蘭科（学名：Orchidaceae）植物俗称蘭花，亦叫胡姬花，是開花植物中世界性分布和具多樣性的科，与开花常常是五颜六色的和常常芬芳的，通常俗名称为蘭花科。蘭科现在大约有已经接受的28,000个物種，分布在有736屬中[2][3][4]，和另外100,000餘個園藝家培養的交配種和變種。所有的野生兰科植物均被列为《野生动植物濒危物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的保护范围[4]。与菊科一起，它们是开花植物的两个最大的科之一。确定哪个科更大仍然是在争论中，因为这些巨大科的已被验证成员的数据不断变化。无论如何，兰花的物种数量几乎与真骨鱼类相等，是鸟类的两倍多，更是哺乳动物的四倍，大约占了所有种子植物物种总数的约6-11％。最大的属是石豆兰属（Bulbophyllum）（约2000种），然後依序為树兰属（英语：Epidendrum）（Epidendrum）（约1500种），石斛蘭屬（Dendrobium）（约1400种）和腋花兰属（英语：Pleurothallis）（Pleurothallis）（约1000种）。蘭花由於植物區系的極度複雜性，花的所有特征都充分表现对昆虫授粉的高度适应性，並與真菌建立共生關係，蘭科和菊科常被認為是植物演化的頂點。而蘭花在中國常被稱為王者之香，擁有別於牡丹或玫瑰等濃艷的名花的獨特鑑賞價值。蘭科植物都是多年生草本，生活方式有地生（如紅門蘭、白芨、綬草等）、附生（或有岩生，絕大部分蘭花皆有附生習性）和最奇特的腐生（如天麻、山珊瑚、上鬚蘭、蕙蘭屬的大根蘭和多根蘭等等），也有少数为攀缘藤本（如香草蘭），有须根，附生的有气根；茎直立、悬垂或攀缘；单叶互生，有叶鞘；花因與昆蟲的授粉模式而特化出唇瓣，花器構造複雜；假鳞茎是兰科植物特有的器官，主要见於附生兰。有些品種的花朵大型而美丽，而且具有不同的颜色和形状，因此常作为花卉栽培观赏。除了南北二極外，蘭科植物廣泛分佈於全世界，尤以亚洲和南美洲的热带地区的物种多样性最为丰富。常見的栽培品種有蕙蘭、春蘭、寒蘭、建蘭、墨蘭、石斛蘭、兜蘭、蝴蝶蘭、萬代蘭、文心蘭與嘉德麗雅蘭等，而常见野生兰花包括绶草、石豆兰、石斛蘭、兜蘭、春蘭、萬代蘭、杓兰、贝母兰、独蒜兰、石仙桃、鹤顶兰、虾脊兰、指甲兰等，中药中天麻、石斛、白及、山慈菇的基原植物都来自兰科。某栽培种蝴蝶蘭的高分辨率圖像目录 1 分类 1.1 被子植物APG分类法 1.2 属 2 文化象徵 2.1 國蘭的概念 2.2 象征 3 参考文献 4 外部連結分类春蘭 Cymbidium goeringii 早期的分類系統（克朗奎斯特分类法）將蘭科與水玉簪科分類於微子目內，在1998年發表的APG 分類法中歸於仙茅目中，而2009年经过改进的以基因亲缘关系分类的被子植物APG III分类法則將其列於天門冬目下[1]。被子植物APG分类法五个亚科已经被识

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Research

4,873 papers

The volatile chemistry of orchid pollination.ReviewNatural product reports · 2023Perkins J, Hayashi T, Peakall R et al.DOI: 10.1039/d2np00060a
Molecular genetic insights into orchid reproductive development.ReviewJournal of experimental botany · 2022Li Y, Zhang B, Yu HDOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac016
Orchid Reintroduction Based on Seed Germination-Promoting Mycorrhizal Fungi Derived From Protocorms or Seedlings.ReviewFrontiers in plant science · 2021Zhao DK, Selosse MA, Wu L et al.DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701152
Orchid Root Associated Bacteria: Linchpins or Accessories?ReviewFrontiers in plant science · 2021Kaur J, Sharma JDOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661966
Orchid Micropropagation Using Conventional Semi-Solid and Temporary Immersion Systems: A Review.ReviewPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Nongdam P, Beleski DG, Tikendra L et al.DOI: 10.3390/plants12051136
Orchid phylogenetics and evolution: history, current status and prospects.ReviewAnnals of botany · 2025Freudenstein JVDOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae202
How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics.ReviewFrontiers in plant science · 2021Li T, Wu S, Yang W et al.DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647114
Orchid pollination by sexual deception: pollinator perspectives.ReviewBiological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2011Gaskett ACDOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00134.x

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Wikidata facts

Image: PhalaenopsisOphrysPaphiopedilumMaxillaria.jpg

Show 6 more facts

Commons category: Orchidaceae
taxon name: Orchidaceae
GRIN URL: npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=798
taxon common name: ラン科
start time: 80000000-0
Montana Plant Life URL: montana.plant-life.org/cgi-bin/family03.cgi?Orchidaceae

Sources (9)

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~22 min read

Article

27 sections

Contents

Etymology
Description
Stem and roots
Leaves
Flowers
Reproduction
Pollination
Special cases
Asexual reproduction
Fruits and seeds
Evolution
Fossil and reconstructed history
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
Hybrids
Distribution and ecology
Species interactions
Uses
Horticulture
Flavours and aromas
Food
Cultural symbolism
Conservation
See also
Notes
References
External links

Orchidaceae is one of the two largest families of flowering plants. It contains about 28,000 currently accepted species in around 700 genera. That represents some 6–11% of all species of seed plants. Horticulturists run many orchid societies around the world; they have produced many hybrids and cultivars.