File:Phosphine.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
phosphine
Sign in to saveAlso known as hydrogen phosphide, phosphorated hydrogen, phosphorus hydride, phosphorus trihydride, [PH3], PH3, phosphane
Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula , classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (). With traces of present, is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.
Phosphine is a colorless, flammable chemical compound that is highly toxic to humans, especially when inhaled, and can spontaneously catch fire in air when impurities are present. It is used in various industrial and agricultural applications, though its extreme danger requires careful handling and safety precautions.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Chemical data
- Formula
- H3P
- Molecular weight
- 33.998 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- phosphane
- SMILES
- P
- InChIKey
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- XLogP
- -0.1
- Polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 0
- H-bond acceptors
- 0
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
Research
16,961 papers- Phosphine Organocatalysis.ReviewChemical reviews · 2018Guo H, Fan YC, Sun Z et al.DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00081
- Acute occupational phosphine intoxications in the maritime shipping sector: a scoping review.Archives of environmental & occupational health · 2022Van de Sijpe P, Canals ML, Jensen O et al.DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1990829
- Phosphine oxide surfactants revisited.ReviewAdvances in colloid and interface science · 2016Stubenrauch C, Preisig N, Laughlin RGDOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.01.002
- Phosphine-gold(I) compounds as anticancer agents: general description and mechanisms of action.ReviewAnti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2011Lima JC, Rodriguez LDOI: 10.2174/187152011797927670
- Synthesis and applications of high-performance P-chiral phosphine ligands.ReviewProceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2021Imamoto TDOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.026
- Phosphine catalysis of allenes with electrophiles.ReviewChemical Society reviews · 2014Wang Z, Xu X, Kwon ODOI: 10.1039/c4cs00054d
- Phosphine-triggered synthesis of functionalized cyclic compounds.ReviewChemical Society reviews · 2008Ye LW, Zhou J, Tang YDOI: 10.1039/b717758e
- Phosphine Generation Pathways on Rocky Planets.Astrobiology · 2021Omran A, Oze C, Jackson B et al.DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0034
via PubMed
Wikidata facts
- Mass
- 33.997
Show 14 more facts
- Commons category
- Phosphine
- canonical SMILES
- P
- boiling point
- -126
- NIOSH Pocket Guide ID
- 0505
- immediately dangerous to life or health
- 69.5
- melting point
- -133
- vapor pressure
- 41.3
- lower flammable limit
- 1.79
- ionization energy
- 9.87
- time-weighted average exposure limit
- 0.4
- short-term exposure limit
- 1
- chemical formula
- PH₃
- standard enthalpy of formation
- 5.4
- electric dipole moment
- 0.574
via Wikidata · CC0
~11 min read
Article
19 sectionsContents
- History
- Structure and reactions
- Preparation and occurrence
- Laboratory routes
- Occurrence
- Possible extraterrestrial biosignature
- Applications
- Organophosphorus chemistry
- Microelectronics
- Fumigant (pest control)
- Toxicity and safety
- Fumigation hazards
- Explosiveness
- In fiction
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula , classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (). With traces of present, is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.
Phosphines are compounds that include and the organophosphines, which are derived from by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. They have the general formula {{chem2|PH_{3−n}R_{n}|}}. Phosphanes are saturated phosphorus hydrides of the form {{chem2|P_{n}H_{n+2} }}, such as triphosphane. Phosphine () is the smallest of the phosphines and the smallest of the phosphanes.