Priapulida

Priapulida (priapulid worms, from Gr. πριάπος, priāpos 'Priapus' + Lat. -ul-, diminutive), sometimes referred to as penis worms, is a phylum of unsegmented marine worms. The name of the phylum relates to the Greek god of fertility, because their general shape and their extensible spiny introvert (eversible) proboscis may resemble the shape of a human penis.

They live in the mud, except for a few tropical meiobenthic species which live in medium- to coarse-grained sands, and are found in comparatively shallow waters to deep waters, with the larger forms like Priapulidae being restricted to colder environments, and smaller forms like Tubiluchus requiring warmer temperatures. Most meiobenthic forms live as shallow as 0.5 m, and Priapulus abyssorum has been found on depths of 3000–8000 m. Some species show a remarkable tolerance for hydrogen sulfide, anoxia and low salinity. Halicryptus spinulosus appears to prefer brackish shallow waters. They can be quite abundant in some areas. In an Alaskan bay as many as 85 adult individuals of Priapulus caudatus per square meter has been recorded, while the density of its larvae can be as high as 58,000 per square meter (5,390 per square foot). They feed on slow-moving invertebrates, such as polychaete worms. Twenty-two extant species of priapulid worms are known, half of them being of meiobenthic size.