Puquios

thumb|250px|right|The technology of the Qanats of Iran is similar to that used for the puquios of Peru. thumb|right|250px|The Cantalloc Aqueducts|Cantalloc puquios near Nazca, Peru. The cork-screwing funnels are for access to the underground aqueduct. thumb|250px|right|An aqueduct emerges from an underground or gallery puquios into a trench which supplies water for irrigation and domestic uses. thumb|right|250px|Except for river valleys where irrigation is possible, the desert of the Nazca Region is barren. The Pan American Highway is in the distance. Puquios (from Quechua pukyu meaning source, spring, or water well) are ancient systems of subterranean aqueducts which allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without loss of much of the water to evaporation. Puquios are found in the coastal deserts of southern Peru, especially in the Nazca region, and northern Chile. Forty-three puquios in the Nazca region were still in use in the early 21st century and relied upon to bring fresh water for irrigation and domestic use into desert settlements. The origin and dating of the Nazca puquios is disputed, although some archaeologists have estimated that their construction began about 500 CE by indigenous people of the Nazca culture.

The technology of the puquios is similar to that of the Qanats of Iran and other desert areas of Asia and Europe, including Spain. A few puquios in northern Chile and in other parts of Peru were probably constructed at the initiative of the Spanish after the conquest of the Inca Empire in the 16th century.