Pyreneanism

thumb|Count Henry Russell (explorer)|Henry Russell (foreground) and , seated near the entrance of the [[Russell Caves at the Vignemale, accompanied by their guides.|alt=Group of men posing in front of a mountain shelter dug into the rock.]] Pyreneanism (; alternatively Pyreneism) is a 19th-century sporting culture as well as an artistic and literary movement centered around exploring the Pyrenees in order to create works inspired by the experience, whether for contemplative, artistic, or scientific purposes. The term was coined in 1898 by the scholar Henri Beraldi in his book '''' (), where he described a specific way of engaging with the Pyrenean mountains. According to his definition, "the ideal Pyreneist knows how to climb, write, and feel," setting them apart from the typical mountaineer through a more intellectual approach that goes beyond mere physical performance.

The Pyreneist movement is generally considered to have begun with the publication of Louis Ramond de Carbonnières's () in 1789. It reached its golden age in the second half of the 19th century with the generation known as the Pléiade, which included notable figures like Count Henry Russell and geographer Franz Schrader. It was led by a small group of individuals from the social elite (aristocracy and upper bourgeoisie) or the intellectual class, who made significant efforts to bring attention to their unique practice.