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Pytheas

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Also known as Pytheas of Massilia

Pytheas of Massalia (; Ancient Greek: Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης Pythéās ho Massaliōtēs; Latin: Pytheas Massiliensis; born 350 BC, 320–306 BC) was a Greek geographer, explorer and astronomer from the Greek colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, France). He made a voyage of exploration to Northern Europe in about 325 BC, but his account of it, known widely in antiquity, has not survived and is now known only through the writings of others.

AI overview

Pytheas was a Greek explorer and astronomer from Massalia (modern Marseille) who undertook a voyage to Northern Europe around 325 BC and became well-known in ancient times for his account of the journey. Although his original writings have been lost, his exploration remains historically important because it is preserved through references and quotations in the works of other ancient authors.

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  • Pytheae Massiliensis fragmenta
  • Über das Weltmeer
  • L'oceano
  • On the ocean

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Key facts

Scientist.name
Pytheas of Massalia
Scientist.image
Parisinus gr 1397 f.162 pytheas of massalia from Strabo 7.3.1.jpg
Scientist.image_size
200px
Scientist.caption
Pytheas of Massalia (Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης) in the 10th century manuscript of Strabo (Geog.7.3.1) written in Byzantine Greek minuscule.
Scientist.birth_date
350 BC
Scientist.birth_place
Massalia
Scientist.citizenship
Massaliote
Scientist.fields
Geography, exploration, navigation
Scientist.known_for
Earliest Greek voyage to Britain, the Baltic, and the Arctic Circle for which there is a record, author of Periplus.

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Wikidata facts

Place of birth
Massalia
Image
Pythéas.jpg
Show 7 more facts
date of birth
0349-00-00
birth name
Πυθέας
floruit
0400-00-00
Commons category
Pytheas
date of death
0284-00-00
name in native language
Πυθέας
significant place
Massalia
Sources (4)

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~54 min read

Article

25 sections
Contents
  • Record
  • Surviving fragments
  • Dating the voyage
  • Circumstances of the voyage
  • Voyage to Britain
  • The "circumnavigation"
  • Name and description of the British
  • The three corners of Britain: Kantion, Belerion and Orkas
  • The tin trade
  • Scotland
  • Thule
  • Encounter with drift ice
  • Discovery of the Baltic
  • Voyage to the Don
  • Measurements of latitude
  • Latitude by the altitude of the Sun
  • Latitude by the elevation of the north pole
  • Location of the Arctic Circle
  • Latitude by length of longest day, and by Sun's elevation on shortest day
  • On the tides
  • Literary influence
  • See also
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
  • External links

Pytheas of Massalia (; Ancient Greek: Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης Pythéās ho Massaliōtēs; Latin: Pytheas Massiliensis; born 350 BC, 320–306 BC) was a Greek geographer, explorer and astronomer from the Greek colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, France). He made a voyage of exploration to Northern Europe in about 325&nbsp;BC, but his account of it, known widely in antiquity, has not survived and is now known only through the writings of others.

On this voyage, he circumnavigated and visited a considerable part of the British Isles. He was the first known Greek scientific visitor to see and describe the Arctic, polar ice, and the Celtic and Germanic tribes. He is also the first person on record to describe the midnight sun. The theoretical existence of some Northern phenomena that he described, such as a frigid zone, and temperate zones where the nights are very short in summer and the sun does not set at the summer solstice, was already known. Similarly, reports of a country of perpetual snow and darkness (the country of the Hyperboreans) had reached the Mediterranean some centuries before.

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