File:Human_eye_cross-sectional_view_grayscale.png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

EntityQ169342· pop 82· linked from 1,709 articles

retina

The retina (; or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception. The retina serves a function which is in many ways analogous to that of the film or image sensor in a camera.

AI overview

The retina is a light-sensitive layer of tissue lining the inside of your eye that captures visual information from the world around you. It processes the image it receives and sends signals through the optic nerve to your brain, allowing you to see.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Anatomy.Name: Retina
Anatomy.pronunciation: ,,pl. retinae
Anatomy.Latin: rēte, tunica interna bulbi
Anatomy.Image: Human eye cross-sectional view grayscale.png
Anatomy.Caption: Right human eye cross-sectional view; eyes vary significantly among animals.
Anatomy.part_of: Eye
Anatomy.System: Visual system
Anatomy.Artery: Central retinal artery

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

225,380 papers

The neuronal organization of the retina.ReviewNeuron · 2012Masland RHDOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.002
Biological Immune Mechanism of Retina.ReviewFrontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) · 2023Zhu X, Hong J, Zhou XDOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2812363
The retina's rhythm.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Kumar JPDOI: 10.1126/science.aec6302
Microglia in the Retina: Roles in Development, Maturity, and Disease.ReviewAnnual review of vision science · 2018Silverman SM, Wong WTDOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034425
The fundamental plan of the retina.ReviewNature neuroscience · 2001Masland RHDOI: 10.1038/nn0901-877
Neuronal diversity in the retina.ReviewCurrent opinion in neurobiology · 2001Masland RHDOI: 10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00230-0
Glial cells in the bird retina: immunochemical detection.ReviewMicroscopy research and technique · 2000Won MH, Kang TC, Cho SSDOI: 10.1002/1097-0029(20000715)50:2<151::AID-JEMT7>3.0.CO;2-5
New insights on the role of the retina in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in major depressive disorder.ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Cosker E, Schwan R, Angioi-Duprez K et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.006

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Image: SD-OCT Optic Disc Cross-Sections.png

Show 3 more facts

Commons gallery: Retina
Commons category: Retinas
NCI Thesaurus ID: C12343

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

~47 min read

Article

22 sections

Contents

Structure
Inverted versus non-inverted retina
Retinal layers
Layers imagable with optical coherence tomography
Development
Blood supply
Energy requirements
In birds
Biometric identification and diagnosis of disease
Function
Spatial encoding
Clinical significance{{anchor|Diseases_and_disorders}}
Diagnosis
Treatment
Common treatment modalities
Uncommon treatment modalities
History
Additional images
See also
References
Further reading
External links

The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide monochromatic vision. Cones function in well-lit conditions and are responsible for the perception of colour through the use of a range of opsins, as well as high-acuity vision used for tasks such as reading. A third type of light-sensing cell, the photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for entrainment of circadian rhythms and reflexive responses such as the pupillary light reflex.