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scandium

Also known as Sc, element 21, 21Sc

Scandium is a chemical element; it has symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic element found in the d-block of the periodic table. Usually, it is classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.

AI overview

Scandium is a silvery-white metal with the chemical symbol Sc that sits in the d-block of the periodic table and is typically classified alongside yttrium and lanthanides as a rare-earth element. Though discovered in 1879 through spectral analysis of Scandinavian minerals, the context provided does not explain its practical applications or why it matters to modern society.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Sc
Molecular weight: 44.95591 g/mol
IUPAC name: scandium
SMILES: [Sc]
InChIKey: SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

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Research

2,466 papers

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Wikidata facts

Mass: 44.955907
Image: Scandium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg

Show 14 more facts

time of discovery or invention: 1879-00-00
atomic number: 21
element symbol: Sc
Commons category: Scandium
oxidation state: 3
Commons gallery: Scandium
canonical SMILES: [Sc]
chemical formula: Sc
electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s²
Unicode character: 鈧
electronegativity: 1.36
ionic radius: 0.87
melting point: 1540.85
boiling point: 2836.85

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~14 min read

Article

20 sections

Contents

Properties
Chemical characteristics
Isotopes
Occurrence
Production
Compounds
Oxides and hydroxides
Halides and pseudohalides
Organic derivatives
Uncommon oxidation states
History
Applications
Aluminium alloys
Light sources
Other
Health and safety
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Scandium is present in most of the deposits of rare-earth and uranium compounds, but it is extracted from these ores in only a few mines worldwide. Because of the low availability and difficulties in the preparation of metallic scandium, which was first done in 1937, applications for scandium were not developed until the 1970s, when the positive effects of scandium on aluminium alloys were discovered. Its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is 15–20 tonnes per year.