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schizophrenia

Also known as Morel-Kraepelin disease, Kraepelin-Morel disease, dementia præcox, dementia praecox, schizophrenia-1

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Key facts

Medical condition.differential: Substance use disorder, Huntington's disease, mood disorders (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder), autism, borderline personality disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, psychotic depression, anxiety, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, sleep paralysis
Medical condition.management: Counseling, life skills training
Medical condition.medication: Antipsychotics
Medical condition.prognosis: 20–28 years shorter life expectancy
Medical condition.frequency: ~0.32% (1 in 300) of the global population is affected
Medical condition.deaths: ~17,000 (2015)
Medical condition.name: Schizophrenia
Medical condition.image: Cloth embroidered by a schizophrenia sufferer.jpg
Medical condition.alt: Embroidery art with nonlinear text sewn into it with multiple colors of thread
Medical condition.caption: Cloth embroidered by a person diagnosed with schizophrenia
Medical condition.pronounce: ,
Medical condition.field: Psychiatry
Medical condition.symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking or behavior, flat or inappropriate affect
Medical condition.complications: Harm to self or others, social isolation, heart disease, suicide, lifestyle diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes arising from antipsychotic medication
Medical condition.onset: Ages 16 to 30
Medical condition.duration: Chronic
Medical condition.causes: Environmental and genetic factors
Medical condition.risks: Family history, cannabis use in adolescence, hallucinogen- or amphetamine-associated psychosis, problems during pregnancy, childhood adversity, being born or raised in a city

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Research

180,167 papers

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Image: Cloth embroidered by a schizophrenia sufferer.jpg

Show 8 more facts

Stack Exchange tag: psychology.stackexchange.com/tags/schizophrenia
Commons category: Schizophrenia
ICPC 2 ID: P72
exact match: purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5419
NCI Thesaurus ID: C3362
ICD-9-CM: 295
quantity: 1
social media followers: 65524

Sources (12)

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~58 min read

Article

36 sections

Contents

Signs and symptoms
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
Cognitive symptoms
Onset
Risk factors
Genetic
Environmental
Substance use
Causes
Diagnosis
Criteria
Neuroimaging techniques
Comorbidities
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Management
Medication
Adverse effects
Psychosocial interventions
Other
Prognosis
Violence
Epidemiology
History
Conceptual development
Breadth of diagnosis
Historical treatment
Political abuse
Society and culture
Stigma
Cultural depictions
Research
Explanatory notes
References
External links

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, hearing voices), delusions, disorganized thinking or behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect. Symptoms develop gradually and typically begin during young adulthood and rarely resolve. There is no objective diagnostic test; diagnosis is based on observed behavior, a psychiatric history that includes the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person. For a formal diagnosis, the described symptoms need to have been present for at least six months (according to the DSM-5) or one month (according to the ICD-11). Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, as well as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).

The lifetime prevalence of developing schizophrenia is about 0.3% to 0.7%. In 2017, there were an estimated 1.1 million new cases and in 2022 a total of 24 million cases globally. Males are more often affected and on average have an earlier onset than females. The causes of schizophrenia may include genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants. Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, childhood adversity, cannabis use during adolescence, infections, the age of a person's mother or father, and poor nutrition during pregnancy.