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蛇咬傷

File:Cobra_bite_in_Thailand_(image,_2023).jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

EntityQ68854· pop 53· linked from 403 articles

Also known as snake envenoming, snake envenomation, snake bite, snake bites, ophidic accident

因蛇咬而形成的伤害

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Key facts

Medical condition.name
Snakebite
Medical condition.image
Cobra bite in Thailand (image, 2023).jpg
Medical condition.caption
A cobra bite on the foot of a girl in Thailand
Medical condition.field
Emergency medicine
Medical condition.symptoms
Two puncture wounds, redness, swelling, severe pain at the area
Medical condition.complications
Bleeding, kidney failure, severe allergic reaction, tissue death around the bite, breathing problems, amputation, envenomation
Medical condition.causes
Snakes
Medical condition.risks
Working outside with one's hands (farming, forestry, construction); harassment; drunkenness
Medical condition.prevention
Protective footwear, avoiding areas where snakes live, not handling snakes
Medical condition.treatment
Washing the wound with soap and water, antivenom
Medical condition.prognosis
Depends on type of snake
Medical condition.frequency
Up to 5 million a year
Medical condition.deaths
94,000–125,000 per year

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Subclass of
envenomation
Image
Cleopatra VII, steel engraving of the encaustic painting found at Hadrian's Villa in 1818.jpg
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has cause
animal attack
Commons category
Snakebites
health specialty
emergency medicine
on focus list of Wikimedia project
Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
Sources (2)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 中文

蛇咬傷是因蛇咬而造成的外傷。被咬後常會留下蛇牙造成的兩道,有時候可能中毒。遭遇蛇吻後,被咬者可能在約一小時內傷口會紅腫以及嚴重疼痛,或是出現嘔吐、兩眼昏花、四肢刺痛或大量出汗等症狀。蛇咬常見於手掌或手臂部位,被咬者也常有變得驚懼、心跳加速、感覺暈眩的現象。毒液會導致患部出血、腎衰竭、嚴重過敏、組織壞死,或害被咬者出現呼吸困難。蛇咬可能導致被咬者需要截肢或出現其他慢性問題,嚴重程度取決於蛇的種類、被咬的部位、注入被咬者體內的毒素量以及被咬者自身的健康狀態等,對兒童的影響較對成人嚴重得多。 蛇咬對於蛇來說,既是獵食的手段、也是自保的方法;對人類而言,容易被蛇咬的高風險行為是在戶外徒手工作,例如農耕、伐林以及建築。常見的毒蛇有眼鏡蛇科、蝮蛇科與海蛇科,但絕大部分的蛇類沒有毒,而是用的方式使獵物窒息而死。除了南極洲外,各大洲都可見毒蛇的蹤跡;被蛇咬傷常常無從判斷蛇的種類。世界衛生組織將蛇咬歸類為被忽視熱帶病(Neglected tropical diseases, NTD)。 可預防蛇咬的行為包含穿戴有保護效果的鞋子、避免行經蛇居之處以及不用手觸摸蛇 。治療蛇咬的方式需以蛇的種類為準,建議先以肥皂清洗傷口並將肢體維持原姿勢。不推薦自行吸出毒液、用刀切開被咬者傷口或使用止血帶等方法。使用抗蛇毒血清有助於防止被咬者喪命,但有些血清有強烈副作用。使用的血清同樣也須以蛇的種類為準,若尚未釐清蛇的種類,通常會依該地區常見的蛇種類來施打。有些地區難以取得符合蛇的種類之血清,這是讓血清治療無效的原因之一;另一個問題則是施打血清這種療法並不便宜。血清本身對被咬部位沒什麼幫助;有時需要給患者呼吸輔助。 蛇咬傷每年高達500萬例,其中約250萬人會中毒,並有2-12.5萬人因此喪命。世界各地蛇咬的發生率差異非常大 ,主要發生在非洲、亞洲及拉丁美洲,其中鄉野地區發生頻率高於都市地區。在美國,一年約有7000~8000人慘遭毒蛇之吻,在澳洲、歐洲及北美洲,死亡病例相對稀少。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA

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