supercapacitor
Sign in to saveAlso known as ultracapacitor, supercap, Goldcap, SC, ultracap
A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than solid-state capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more energy per unit mass or energy per unit volume than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.
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~109 min read
Article
76 sectionsContents
- Background
- History
- Design
- Basic design
- Capacitance distribution
- Storage principles
- Electrical double-layer capacitance
- Electrochemical pseudocapacitance
- Asymmetric capacitors
- Hybrid capacitors
- Potential distribution
- Comparison with other storage technologies
- Styles
- Types
- Materials
- Electrodes
- Electrodes for EDLCs
- Activated carbon
- Activated carbon fibres
- Carbon aerogel
- Carbide-derived carbon
- Graphene
- Graphene Fabrication Techniques for Supercapacitors
- Electrodes for pseudocapacitors
- Metal oxides
- Conductive polymers
- Electrodes for hybrid capacitors
- Sustainability and policy
- Composite electrodes
- Battery-type electrodes
- Asymmetric electrodes (pseudo/EDLC)
- Electrolytes
- Separators
- Collectors and housing
- Electrical parameters
- Capacitance
- Measurement
- Operating voltage
- Internal resistance
- Current load and cycle stability
- Device capacitance and resistance dependence on operating voltage and temperature
- Energy capacity
- Specific energy and specific power
- Lifetime
- Self-discharge
- Post charge voltage relaxation
- Polarity
- Comparison of selected commercial supercapacitors
- Standards
- Applications
- Consumer electronics
- Power generation and distribution
- Grid power buffering
- Low-power equipment power buffering
- Voltage stabilization
- Micro grids
- Energy harvesting
- Batteries
- Medical
- Military
- Transport
- Aviation
- Rail
- Plant machinery
- Light rail
- Buses
- Motor racing
- Hybrid electric vehicles
- Gondolas
- Supercapacitor assisted (SCA) techniques
- Developments
- Market
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than solid-state capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more energy per unit mass or energy per unit volume than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.
Unlike ordinary capacitors, supercapacitors do not use a conventional solid dielectric, but rather, they use electrostatic double-layer capacitance and electrochemical pseudocapacitance, both of which contribute to the total energy storage of the capacitor.