Home›Gauge theories›vacuum polarization🌐EnglishEnglishDeutschEspañolFrançaisItalianoPolskiPortuguêsTürkçeРусскийفارسی한국어中文日本語EntityQ1886497· pop 20· linked from 73 articlesvacuum polarizationvirtual anti-particle pair production giving self-energy to the electromagnetic fieldAvailable in 19 languagesEspañolFrançaisDeutsch中文日本語РусскийPortuguêsItalianoArmenianBelarusianConnectionsleptonEntityvirtual particleEntityCategoriesGauge theoriesQuantum electrodynamics