Xiahou

Xiahou () is a Chinese compound surname from the Spring and Autumn period. After the State of Qi was destroyed by Chu, Duke Jian of Qi's (杞简公) younger brother, Prince Tuo (公子佗), fled to the State of Lu. Duke Dao of Lu (鲁悼公) granted him land and created him Marquis of Xia (), after their ancestor's, Yu the Great's, dynastic name, Xia (夏).

Xiahou is a rare compound surname. Beijing, Shanghai, Ji'an (Jiangxi), Wuhan (Hubei), Pingxiang, Xingguo, Taiyuan (Shanxi), Jinzhong, and Taichung (Taiwan) are some of the places where this surname can be found today.