Afonso I of Portugal

Also known as O conquistador, O fundador, O grande, Afonso Henriques, Alfonso I

king of Portugal from 1139 to 1185

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Afonso I was the first king of Portugal, ruling from 1139 to 1185 and establishing the country as an independent kingdom. His reign matters because he founded the Portuguese monarchy and set the foundation for what would become a major European nation.

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Works in European collections

6 objects attributed to Afonso I of Portugal, held across European museums, libraries & archives · via Europeana

MARIE LOUISE

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Dom Afonso I (born Afonso Henriques; 1106/1109/1111 – 6 December 1185) nicknamed "the Conqueror" (Portuguese: O Conquistador), "the Founder" (O Fundador) and "the Great" (O Magno) by the Portuguese, was the first king of Portugal, from 26 July 1139 until his death on 6 December 1185. He achieved the independence of the County of Portugal, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death.

Afonso was the son of Theresa of León and Henry of Burgundy, rulers of the County of Portugal. Henry died in 1112, leaving Theresa to rule alone. Unhappy with Theresa's romantic relationship with Galician Fernando Pérez de Traba and his political influence, the Portuguese nobility rallied around Afonso, who revolted and defeated his mother at the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 and became sole Count of Portugal soon afterwards. In 1139, Afonso renounced the suzerainty of the Kingdom of León and established the independent Kingdom of Portugal.