Arctium

Beggar's-buttons

Arctium

GENUS

1. KingdomPlantae
2. PhylumTracheophyta
3. ClassMagnoliopsida
4. OrderAsterales
5. FamilyAsteraceae

Native toAfghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cambodia

Observations46,180

Observations recorded641,012

牛蒡屬（学名：Arctium），是菊科下的一個屬，全球約有10種，分佈歐亞溫帶地區[1]，中國國內約有2種，均供藥用[2] 。本屬的模式種為牛蒡（Arctium lappa）[3]。 目录 1 形態特徵 1.1 葉 1.2 花 1.3 果 2 物種 3 参考文献 4 外部連結 形態特徵 牛蒡屬中包含多年生[4]或二年生草本植物[1][5]；根粗壯[6] ；莖粗壯，直立，有棱槽[7]，多分枝；全株近無刺[7][8]。 葉 基部葉常為心形，叢生，具葉柄；莖部葉互生，葉片基部心形[5]或卵形[4]，常為大型，不分裂，表面無毛[4]，背面披白色綿毛[4]，具長柄[4][8]。 花 花為頭狀花序，較大或中等大小[3][9]，單生或叢生[1]於莖枝先端或排列成傘房狀花序式圓錐狀花序[3][5][10]，無毛綠色[5]，盤狀[11]；花序托平坦，近肉質[5]，密生剛毛狀托毛[5]，托毛初為平展，後為螺旋狀扭曲[10]；總苞球形[8]、半球形[10]、卵形、卵球形[3]或壺形[12]或寬鐘形[7]，披蛛絲毛或無毛[3][9]；總苞片披針形、線形[13]、線鉆形[3]、條形[12]，覆瓦狀排列[4]，多層，內層總苞片常為膜質[10]，中外層的總苞片逐漸向上收窄成芒刺狀[10]，先端延長成針齒內彎[5]呈鈎刺狀[8][3]；小花為兩性花，全部結實[12][9]；花冠管狀[12]，紫色、紫紅色[7]或白色[5]，5淺裂，裂片狹窄[4]呈線形[5]；花絲無毛，分離[11]；花柱分枝條形[4]，細長[12]，外彎，基部有簇生成一圈的毛環[4][11]或分枝下面披柔毛[12]；花藥基部箭形[9]，多數絲狀[10]，附屬物向上收缩或漸尖[10]，相近的合生成耳狀[4]，光滑的單細胞、雙細胞或多細胞毛[10]形成剛毛狀的尾部[4][8][12]。 果 果為瘦果，長橢圓形、倒卵形[3]，扁平[3][11]，先端截形[3]，無毛光亮[4]，略呈三棱[12]，具有多條肋棱或細脈紋[3]，基部著生而平[12]；冠毛糙毛狀[12]、剛毛狀[4]、短刺狀[5]，短而硬，多層[11]，多不等長[3][11]，基部不聯合成環[7]，極易分離而脫落[12][1]，有細鋸齒[4][8]。 物種 毛頭牛蒡 牛蒡屬約包含10種物種[14]： Arctium atlanticum (Pomel) H.Lindb. Arctium debrayi Senay Arctium lappa L. Arctium lappa subsp. platylepis (Boiss. & Balansa) Arènes Arctium leiobardanum Juz. & c.serg. ex Stepanov Arctium leiospermum Juz. & Ye.V.Serg. Arctium m

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• A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock).ReviewInflammopharmacology · 2011Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH et al.DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0062-4
• Arctium Species Secondary Metabolites Chemodiversity and Bioactivities.ReviewFrontiers in plant science · 2019Wang D, Bădărau AS, Swamy MK et al.DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00834
• Arctium lappa (Burdock): Insights from ethnopharmacology potential, chemical constituents, clinical studies, pharmacological utility and nanomedicine.ReviewBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Yosri N, Alsharif SM, Xiao J et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114104
• Burdock (Arctium lappa L) roots as a source of inulin-type fructans and other bioactive compounds: Current knowledge and future perspectives for food and non-food applications.ReviewFood research international (Ottawa, Ont.) · 2021Moro TMA, T P S Clerici MDOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109889
• Mechanistic insights on burdock (Arctium lappa L.) extract effects on diabetes mellitus.ReviewFood science and biotechnology · 2022Mondal SC, Eun JBDOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01091-2
• Arctium lappa contributes to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose homeostasis and improving oxidative stress: A critical review of in vitro and in vivo animal-based studies.ReviewPhytotherapy research : PTR · 2019Annunziata G, Barrea L, Ciampaglia R et al.DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6416
• Harnessing the power of Arctium lappa root: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications.ReviewNatural products and bioprospecting · 2024Shyam M, Sabina EPDOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00466-8
• Immunopharmacological potential of Arctium lappa L. in immune-mediated skin diseases: A critical review of experimental and clinical evidence.ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Yang M, Peng G, Abudouwanli A et al.DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1660352

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