アルノルド派

thumb|right|Remains of Arnold of Brescia burned at the stake at the hands of the Papal guards Arnoldists were a Proto-Protestant group in the 12th century, named after Arnold of Brescia, an advocate of ecclesiastical reform who criticized the great wealth and possessions of the Roman Catholic Church, while preaching against infant baptism and transubstantiation. His disciples were also called "Publicans" or "Poplecans", a name probably deriving from Paulicians (the term "Publicani" would be generally used for any heretic, even a political traitor, throughout Europe).