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bismuth

Also known as Bi, element 83, 83Bi

Bismuth is a chemical element; it has symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, with chemical properties resembling its lighter group 15 siblings arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth occurs naturally, and its sulfide and oxide forms are important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead. It is a brittle metal with a silvery-white color when freshly produced. Surface oxidation generally gives samples of the metal a somewhat rosy cast. Further oxidation under heat can give bismuth a vividly iridescent appearance due to thin-film

AI overview

Bismuth is a naturally occurring metal element (Bi) that belongs to the same chemical family as arsenic and antimony, and it's typically extracted from its mineral ores for commercial use. It's a brittle, silvery-white metal that develops a distinctive rosy or iridescent appearance as it oxidizes, and it's notably less dense than lead.

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Chemical data

Formula: Bi
Molecular weight: 208.9804 g/mol
IUPAC name: bismuth
SMILES: [Bi]
InChIKey: JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

20,836 papers

Bismuth toxicity--a reassessment.ReviewJournal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics · 1989Bradley B, Singleton M, Lin Wan Po ADOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1989.tb00268.x
Bioactive Bismuth Compounds: Is Their Toxicity a Barrier to Therapeutic Use?ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Gonçalves Â, Matias M, Salvador JAR et al.DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031600
[Bismuth].ReviewNihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2004Sakai T
Bismuth therapy in gastrointestinal diseases.ReviewGastroenterology · 1990Gorbach SLDOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90983-8
Pharmacology of bismuth-containing compounds.ReviewReviews of infectious diseases · 1991Lambert JRDOI: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_8.s691
Bismuth iodoform paraffin paste: a review.ReviewThe Journal of laryngology and otology · 2011Crossland GJ, Bath APDOI: 10.1017/S0022215111001599
Antimony and bismuth compounds in oncology.ReviewCritical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2002Tiekink ERDOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00217-7
Bismuth in medicine.ReviewMetal ions in biological systems · 2004Sun H, Zhang L, Szeto KY

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Wikidata facts

Mass: 208.9804
Image: Bismuth crystals and 1cm3 cube.jpg

Show 10 more facts

native label: Bismuth
atomic number: 83
element symbol: Bi
Commons category: Bismuth
Commons gallery: Bismuth
canonical SMILES: [Bi]
chemical formula: Bi
Unicode character: 鉍
electronegativity: 2.02
ionic radius: 0.76

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Article

25 sections

Contents

History and etymology
Characteristics
Physical characteristics
Chemical characteristics
Isotopes
Chemical compounds
Occurrence and production
Production
Price
Recycling
Applications
Medicines
Cosmetics and pigments
Electronics
Transistors
Metal and alloys
Lead replacement
Other metal uses and specialty alloys
Other uses as compounds
Toxicology and ecotoxicology
See also
Notes
References
Cited sources
External links

Bismuth was formerly understood to be the element with the highest atomic mass whose nuclei do not spontaneously decay, but in 2003, it was found to be very slightly radioactive. The metal's only primordial isotope, bismuth-209, undergoes alpha decay with a half-life roughly a billion times longer than the estimated age of the universe.