
Also known as Charles I, King Charles the Martyr, King Charles I, Charles the 1st
Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 until his execution in 1649. He matters because his reign saw major conflicts with Parliament and religious turmoil that ultimately led to civil war and his becoming the first English monarch to be executed.
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Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland. After his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 upon the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to Infanta Maria Anna of Spain culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623, which demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, shortly after his accession, he married Henrietta Maria of France.
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