File:Chloramphenicol.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
chloramphenicol
Sign in to saveAlso known as Tevcocin, Mychel, Amphicol, Chloromycetin, Kernispray, Ophthochlor, Econochlor, Chlorofair
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. Its use by mouth or by injection is only recommended when safer antibiotics cannot be used. Monitoring both blood levels of the medication and blood cell levels every two days is recommended during treatment.
Key facts
- Drug.Watchedfields
- changed
- Drug.verifiedrevid
- 443513464
- Drug.image
- Chloramphenicol.svg
- Drug.image_class
- skin-invert-image
- Drug.image2
- Chloramphenicol-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png
- Drug.image_class2
- bg-transparent
- Drug.tradename
- Chloromycetin, Abeed, others
- Drug.MedlinePlus
- a608008
- Drug.DailyMedID
- Chloramphenicol
- Drug.pregnancy_AU
- A
- Drug.routes_of_administration
- Topical (eye drops), by mouth, intravenous, intramuscular
- Drug.ATC_prefix
- D06
- Drug.ATC_suffix
- AX02
- Drug.ATC_supplemental
- , , , , , ,
- Drug.legal_AU
- S3
- Drug.legal_CA
- Rx-only
- Drug.legal_UK
- P
- Drug.legal_UK_comment
- / POM
via Wikipedia infobox
Chemical data
- Formula
- C11H12Cl2N2O5
- Molecular weight
- 323.13 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
- SMILES
- C1=CC(=CC=C1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChIKey
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N
- XLogP
- 1.1
- Polar surface area
- 115 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 3
- H-bond acceptors
- 5
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
~17 min read
Encyclopedic overview
29 sectionsContents
- Medical uses
- Spectrum
- Resistance
- Adverse effects
- Aplastic anemia
- Bone marrow suppression
- Leukemia
- Gray baby syndrome
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Neurotoxic reactions
- Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- Pharmacokinetics
- Use in special populations
- Dose monitoring
- Drug interactions
- Drug antagonistic
- Drug synergism
- Mechanism of action
- History
- Society and culture
- Names
- Formulations
- Intravenous
- Oily
- Eye drops
- Veterinary uses
- Biosynthesis
- Plasmid preparation
- References
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. Its use by mouth or by injection is only recommended when safer antibiotics cannot be used. Monitoring both blood levels of the medication and blood cell levels every two days is recommended during treatment.
Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, nausea, and diarrhea. The bone marrow suppression may result in death. To reduce the risk of side effects treatment duration should be as short as possible. People with liver or kidney problems may need lower doses. In young infants, a condition known as gray baby syndrome may occur which results in a swollen stomach and low blood pressure. Its use near the end of pregnancy and during breastfeeding is typically not recommended. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that typically stops bacterial growth by stopping the production of proteins.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “chloramphenicol” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.