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classical conditioning
Sign in to saveAlso known as Pavlovian conditioning, respondent conditioning, conditioned response
learning procedure in which biologically potent stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus
Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning where a neutral stimulus (like a bell) is repeatedly paired with something biologically important (like food), until the neutral stimulus alone triggers the same response as the original stimulus. It matters because it explains how we develop many of our automatic reactions and behaviors, from fear responses to cravings, and has been foundational to psychology's understanding of how learning works.
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Research
25,774 papers- Classical Conditioning Differences Associated With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.The journal of pain · 2017Harvie DS, Moseley GL, Hillier SL et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.430
- Classical conditioning in animals.ReviewAnnual review of psychology · 1978Dickinson A, Mackintosh NJDOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.29.020178.003103
- The classical origins of Pavlov's conditioning.ReviewIntegrative physiological and behavioral science : the official journal of the Pavlovian Society · 2004Clark REDOI: 10.1007/BF02734167
- Memory processes in classical conditioning.ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2004Bouton ME, Moody EWDOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.001
- Pavlov's Pain: the Effect of Classical Conditioning on Pain Perception and its Clinical Implications.ReviewCurrent pain and headache reports · 2019Zhang L, Lu X, Bi Y et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11916-019-0766-0
- Classical conditioning in a cognitive era.ReviewBiological psychology · 1988Martin I, Levey ABDOI: 10.1016/0301-0511(88)90047-6
- Viewpoint: Pavlovian Materials-Functional Biomimetics Inspired by Classical Conditioning.ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2020Zhang H, Zeng H, Priimagi A et al.DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906619
- Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning?ReviewBehaviour research and therapy · 1994Davey GCDOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90124-4
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Wikidata facts
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- NCI Thesaurus ID
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- time of discovery or invention
- 1897-00-00
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Article
Classical conditioning (also respondent conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food, a puff of air on the eye) is paired with a neutral stimulus (e.g. the sound of a musical triangle). The term classical conditioning refers to the process of an automatic, conditioned response that is paired with a specific stimulus. It is essentially equivalent to a signal.
Ivan Pavlov, the Russian physiologist, studied classical conditioning with detailed experiments with dogs, and published the experimental results in 1897. In the study of digestion, Pavlov observed that the experimental dogs salivated when fed red meat. Pavlovian conditioning is distinct from operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning), through which the strength of a voluntary behavior is modified, either by reinforcement or by punishment. However, classical conditioning can affect operant conditioning; classically conditioned stimuli can reinforce operant responses.