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古典制約
Sign in to saveAlso known as Pavlovian conditioning, respondent conditioning, conditioned response
一個早期心理學行為主義的學習理論
Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning where a neutral stimulus (like a bell) is repeatedly paired with something biologically important (like food), until the neutral stimulus alone triggers the same response as the original stimulus. It matters because it explains how we develop many of our automatic reactions and behaviors, from fear responses to cravings, and has been foundational to psychology's understanding of how learning works.
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Research
25,774 papers- Classical Conditioning Differences Associated With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.The journal of pain · 2017Harvie DS, Moseley GL, Hillier SL et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.430
- Classical conditioning in animals.ReviewAnnual review of psychology · 1978Dickinson A, Mackintosh NJDOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.29.020178.003103
- The classical origins of Pavlov's conditioning.ReviewIntegrative physiological and behavioral science : the official journal of the Pavlovian Society · 2004Clark REDOI: 10.1007/BF02734167
- Memory processes in classical conditioning.ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2004Bouton ME, Moody EWDOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.001
- Pavlov's Pain: the Effect of Classical Conditioning on Pain Perception and its Clinical Implications.ReviewCurrent pain and headache reports · 2019Zhang L, Lu X, Bi Y et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11916-019-0766-0
- Classical conditioning in a cognitive era.ReviewBiological psychology · 1988Martin I, Levey ABDOI: 10.1016/0301-0511(88)90047-6
- Viewpoint: Pavlovian Materials-Functional Biomimetics Inspired by Classical Conditioning.ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2020Zhang H, Zeng H, Priimagi A et al.DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906619
- Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning?ReviewBehaviour research and therapy · 1994Davey GCDOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90124-4
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Wikidata facts
- Instance of
- concept
- Subclass of
- conditioning
- Image
- Classical Conditioning.svg
- Has use
- learning
Show 7 more facts
- Commons category
- Classical conditioning
- described by source
- Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
- studied by
- psychology
- NCI Thesaurus ID
- C41215
- different from
- operant conditioning
- discoverer or inventor
- Ivan Pavlov
- time of discovery or invention
- 1897-00-00
Sources (3)
via Wikidata · CC0
Article · 中文
古典制約（英語：classical conditioning，又稱巴夫洛夫制約、反應制約、alpha制約），是一种關聯性学习。俄羅斯心理學家伊凡·彼得羅維奇·巴夫洛夫將这種產生制約行为的学习形態描述为「动物对特定制約刺激的反应」。最简单的形式，是亞里斯多德曾經提出的接近律，也就是當兩件事物經常同時出現時，大腦對其中一件事物的記憶會附帶另外一件事物。 古典制約理論一開始的重點放在反射行為或是非自願行為。任何一個反射都是中性刺激與產生的反應兩者的關係。近幾年來對古典制約理論所做的反射限制被拋棄，且自願行為的制約刺激也成為重要研究。
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